networking 基础概述.pptVIP

1 Basics of device interconnection - Router Router is a computer Routers generally contain a specialized operating system (e.g. Ciscos IOS or Juniper Networks JUNOS and JUNOSe or Extreme Networks XOS), RAM, NVRAM, flash memory, and one or more processors. Much simpler routers are used with appropriate software (such as Untangle, SmoothWall, XORP or Quagga), a standard PC can act as a router. Routers connect two or more logical subnets Routers operate in two different planes: Control Plane Forwarding Plane Linksys BEFSR41 DSL Router Cisco CRS-1 Carrier Routing System Cisco 7600 Routers Nortel ERS 8600 Cisco 1800 Router Switches, Hub, Port A network switch is a computer networking device that connects network segments. Works as layer 2 of OSI layer. Switches differ from hubs in that they can have ports of different speed. A network hub or concentrator work at the physical layer (layer 1) of the OSI model. Back view of Atlantis network switch with Ethernet ports. 4-port Ethernet hub Introduction to Internetworking Internetworking involves connecting two or more distinct computer networks or network segments together to form an internetwork (often shortened to internet) Using devices which operate at layer 3 (Network layer) of the OSI Model The layer 3 routing devices guide traffic on the correct path (among several different ones usually available) across the complete internetwork to their destination. Projected U.S. Broadband Usage, At-Home, 2002-2008 Note: includes cable modem, DSL, T1 lines, broadband wireless, satellite, first mile fiber, and powerline broadband. Source: Yankee Group, August 2003 /articles/art030.htm Year Usage(in millions) Increase(in millions) 2002 18.9 n/a 2003 26.2 7.3 2004 33.5 7.3 2005 41.0 7.5 2006 48.1 7.1 2007 55.2 7.1 2008 61.5 6.3 Internet Access Households with access to the Internet, Great Britain 61% of households had access Review Number System and conversion Binary, Octal, Hexadecimal Network topologies: LAN