第十三单元 钻模和夹具.docVIP

第十三单元 Introduction 导言 It has already been stated that the workpiece must be located relative to the cutting tool, and be secured in that position. After the workpiece has been marked out, it is still necessary to position it with respect to the machine movements, and to clamp it in that position before machining is started. 已经说明了工件必须相对于切削刀具定位并确保到位。工件划线后，仍有必要将其相对于切削运动定位，并在机加工开始前把它装夹到位。 When several identical workpieces are to be produced the need to mark out each part is eliminated by the use of jigs and fixtures, but if a casting or forging is involved, a trial workpiece is marked out, to ensure that the workpiece can be produced from it, and to ensure that ribs, cores, etc. have not become misplaced. 当要加工若干同样的工件时，使用钻模和夹具可以不必在每个工件上划线；但对铸件或锻件而言，还需取一试验工件划线以保证照此加工不会将加强肋、型芯等放错位置。 Jigs and fixtures are alike in that they both incorporate devices to ensure that the workpiece is correctly located and clamped, but they differ in that jigs incorporate means of tool guiding during the actual cutting operation, and fixtures do not. 钻模和夹具的相似点是它们都把保证工件正确定位和夹紧的装置相结合，它们的不同在于钻模在实际切削作业中还能与刀具导向方法相结合，而夹具则不能。 In practice, the only cutting tools that can be guided while actually cutting are drills, reamers, and similar cutters; and so jigs are associated with drilling operations, and fixtures with all other operations. Fixtures may incorporate means of setting the cutting tools relative to the location system. 实际上，在真实切削中能被导向的切削刀具只有钻头、铰刀和类似的刀具；因此钻模用于钻削作业，而夹具用于其余作业。夹具可以与切削刀具相对定位系统装夹的方法结合在一起。 The advantages of jigs and fixtures can be summarised as follows: 1)Marking out and other measuring and setting out methods are eliminated; 2)Unskilled workers may proceed confidently and quickly in knowledge that the workpiece can be positioned correctly, and the tools guided or set; 钻模和夹具的优点可归纳如下： 1)可以省去划线和其它测量及放样程序； 2)在知道工件能正确定位、刀具能恰当导向或装夹的情况下，不熟练的工人也能自信而快速地操作； 3)the assembly of parts is facilitated, sinc