Analysis of meaning.pptVIP

Analysis of meaning Componential analysis Predication analysis Componential analysis成分分析 Componential analysis---- a way to analyze lexical meaning. Componential analysis is a way proposed by the structural semanticists to analyze word meaning. The approach is based on the belief that the meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components, called semantic features. （一）语义成分分析法使得我们对于词义特征属性的了解更加全面，从而增强了把握词义的准确性，有助于解释原本模棱两可的东西，比如说：词语搭配、同义词辨析等。 例如： A.?a?pregnant?cow? B.?a?pregnant?bull? bull和cow两个词均有“牛”之意，但在下面两个短语中，A是正确的，B却是错误的，通过成分分析法则可以将其中原因解释清楚。? cow:?[+ANIMAL]?[-MALE]? bull:?[+ANIMAL]?[+MALE]? 从这组语义成分可以看出，[MALE]?是cow和bull的区别语义特征bull意为“公牛”，cow意为“母牛”，根据自然法则，公牛是不可能怀孕的，因此，B的搭配关系是错误的。 Predication analysis Tow points about sentence meaning need be clarified. 1)?The meaning of a sentence is not to be worked out by adding up all the meanings of its component words, e.g “The dog bites the man” is semantically different from “The man bites the dog” though their components are exactly the same. 2)?There are two aspects to sentence meaning: grammatical meaning and semantic meaning. Predication analysis述谓结构分析 Predication analysis---- a way to analyze sentence meaning (British G. Leech). Predication----the abstraction of the meaning of a sentence. A predication（述谓结构） consists of argument(s)（变元） and predicate（谓语）. An argument is a logical participant in a predication, largely identical with the nominal elements in a sentence. A predicate is something said about an argument or it states the logical relation linking the arguments in a sentence. Predication analysis According to the number of arguments contained in a predication, we may classify the predications into the following types: One-place predication: The tree grows well. ? TREE (GROW) Two-place predication: The man sells ice-cream. ? MAN, ICE-CREAM（SELL） Three-place predication: I sent him a letter. ? I (SEND) HIM LETTER No-place predication: It is hot. ? BE（HOT） Predication analysis Is the baby sleepi