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part3 development 4 structure.ppt

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part3development

Part 3 The Development of English Vocabulary The history of the English language is divided into three periods: The Old English (450-1100) The Middle English (1100-1500) The Modern English (1500-present) 3.1The Old English (450-1100)古英语 The history of the English language begins with the conquest and settlement of what is now England by the Angles, Saxons, and the Jutes from about 450 AD. The language they spoke was Anglo-Saxon 盎格鲁撒克逊语 Martyr Minister Clerk Anthem creed 殉教者/烈士牧师/部长神职人员/办事员圣歌/赞歌/校歌信条 3.2 The Middle English (1100-1500)中古英语/中世纪英语 Middle English is characterized by the strong influence of French following the Norman Conquest（诺曼征服） in 1066. Changes: the loss of a large part of the Old English word stock and the adoption（采用） of thousands of French words. governmental administration council reign parliament chancellor crown feudalism 地方议会统治议会大臣/总理/首相王冠封建主义 law judge jury justice court Suit Plead accuse penalty 法官陪审团正义法庭诉讼案件申诉指控刑罚 military affairs军事 Conquer Sergeant victory march troop 征服军官胜利行军部队 English French ch / t? / /?/ g / d? / /? / chandler 杂货零售商 /?t?ɑ:ndl?/ chandelier 吊灯 /??nd??l?? / message /?mesid? / massage /m?sɑ:? / 3.3 The Modern English (1500- )现代英语 1）In the early stages ： the Renaissance (文艺复兴）brought great changes to the vocabulary. There are borrowings from Latin. 2）From 16th century ： English borrowed words from the three Romance languages, French, Spanish, and Italy and other European languages. 3）At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries： as a result of exploration, colonization and trade, many words came in from non-European languages. 4)Since 20th century, particularly after World War II: Because of the breathtaking advances in science and technology, new words have been created to express new ideas, inventions, and scientific achievements. Many of the