3.上、下肢骨.ppt

The Bones of Limbs 山东大学医学院 解剖教研室 Bones of upper limbs Composition:in line with Shoulder girdle 上肢带骨clavicle锁骨，scapula肩胛骨 Bones of free upper limb 自由上肢骨 Humerus肱骨 in arm Radius桡骨 and ulna尺骨 in forearm Carpal bones腕骨Metacarpal bones掌骨 phalanges of fingers指骨 Clavicle 锁骨 “S” shaped, medial 2/3 convex forward and lateral 1/3 convex backward Sternal end胸骨端 medially and acromial end肩峰端 laterally Scapula 肩胛骨 Three borders Superior: coracoid process 喙突 , scapular notch 肩胛切迹 Lateral (axillary) border腋缘 Medial (vertebral) border脊柱缘 Three angles Superior: opposite to the 2nd rib Inferior: opposite to the 7th rib or 7th intercostal space肋间隙 Lateral: glenoid cavity关节盂, 肩胛颈 supra- and infraglenoid tubercles 盂上、下结节 Two surfaces Anterior surface concave凹面的: subscapular fossa肩胛下窝 Posterior surface:supraspinous fossa冈上窝and infraspinous fossa冈下窝, spine of scapula 肩胛冈, acromion 肩峰 Humerus 肱骨 Upper end: head of humerus肱骨头, anatomical neck解剖颈, greater and lesser tubercles大、小结节, crests of greater and lesser tubercle, 大、小结节嵴，intertubercular groove结节间沟, surgical neck外科颈 Shaft: deltoid tuberosity三角肌粗隆on lateral surface, and a groove for radial nerve桡神经沟 on posterior surface Lower end: capitulum of humerus肱骨小头, trochlea of humerus 肱骨滑车, lateral and medial epicondyles内、外上髁, coranoid fossa 冠突窝and radial fossa 桡窝 (anteriorly) and olecranon fossa鹰嘴窝 (posteriorly), and sulcus for ulnar nerve 尺神经沟 Radius Upper end: head of radius桡骨头, articular circumference环状关节面, neck of radius桡骨颈, radial tuberosity 桡骨粗隆 Shaft 前面 后面 外侧面 骨间缘interosseous border(medial border) Lower end: styloid process 茎突laterally, ulnar notch尺切迹 medially, and carpal articular surface腕关节面 inferiorly Fracture of the distal end of the radius Ulnar Upper end: trochlear notch滑车切迹 olecranon鹰嘴 coronoid process 冠突 radial notch 桡切迹 ulnar tubersity尺骨粗隆 Shaft 前面后面 内侧面 骨间缘interosseous border(lateral border) Lower end head of ulna 尺骨头 styloid process 尺骨茎突 Carpal bones 腕骨 Pr