细胞生物学细胞第四x案例.pptVIP

细胞生物学 第四章 细胞质膜与细胞表面 B 神经节苷脂（gangliosides） 变化最多、最复杂的一类 glycolipids 是神经细胞的特征成分。 儿童遗传性致死疾病- Tay-Sachs 病 细胞中缺乏氨基己糖苷酶（己糖胺酶A） 不能把神经节苷脂（gangliosides） Gm2转化为神经节苷脂（gangliosides） Gm3，结果Gm2在脑细胞中积累，导致中枢神经系统退化，直至死亡。 （3）胆固醇 （二）膜脂的运动方式（原版P259） （三）脂质体Liposomes （原版258） phospholipid micelle spherical liposome artificial lipid bilayer, called a black membrane 三 膜蛋白 血影（原267） （一）类型 （二）结合方式（原270 271） （三）去垢剂（原P266） 四 膜的流动性 （一）膜脂的流动性 （二）膜蛋白的流动性（原P276-281） The experiment demonstrating the mixing of plasma membrane proteins on mouse-human hybrid cells. The mouse and human proteins are initially confined to their own halves of the newly formed heterocaryon异核体 plasma membrane, but intermix with time. Antibody-induced patching (clustering) of antigens on the surface of a lymphocyte. Whereas monovalent antibodies remain diffusely distributed on the lymphocyte surface, bivalent antibodies cross-link the antigens and cluster them into patches. Electron micrographs showing diffuse distribution of ferritin(铁蛋白)-coupled monovalent antibodies (A) and clustering of ferritin-coupled bivalent antibodies (B) on the surface of a lymphocyte. Each ferritin molecule appears as a black dot. (Courtesy of Durward Lawson.) Antibody-induced patches are rapidly swept to the tail of the lymphocyte, where they form a “cap”. Often the antibodies (and the proteins to which they bind) are then ingested into endocytotic vesicles and the lymphocyte adopts a shape that is characteristic of locomotion. Immunofluorescence micrographs showing diffuse, patchy, and capped distributions of fluorescent antibodies on lymphocytes. Monovalent antibodies show diffuse staining (A), while bivalent antibodies initially cluster into patches (B) and then cap (C). (Courtesy of Stefanello dePetris.) 五 膜的不对称性 分析方法 freeze-fracture electron microscopy After the fracturing process shown here, the exposed fracture faces are shadowed with platinum and carbon, the organic material is digested away, and the resulting platinum replic