SectionCPropertiesofNucleicAcids-欢迎光临湖北.pptVIP

* * Nitrogenous bases Bicyclic purines Monocyclic pyrimidine Thymine (T) is 5-methyluracil (U) Nucleosides In nucleic acids, the bases are covalently attached to the 1’ position of a pentose sugar ring, to form a nucleoside Glycosidic (glycoside, glycosylic) bond (糖苷键) R Ribose or 2’-deoxyribose C1 Nucleic Acid Structure Nucleotides A nucleotide is a nucleoside with one or more phosphate groups bound covalently to the 3’-, 5’, or ( in ribonucleotides only) the 2’-position. In the case of 5’-position, up to three phosphates may be attached. Deoxynucleotides (deoxyribose containing) Ribonucleotides (ribose containing) Phosphate diester bonds 4 5 1 2 6 7 9 2 1 5 4 C1 Nucleic Acid Structure Phosphodiester bonds DNA/RNA sequence: From 5’ end to 3’ end Example: 5’-UCAGGCUA-3’ = UCAGGCUA 3’ end: free hydroxyl (-OH) group 5’end: not always has attached phosphate groups C1 Nucleic Acid Structure DNA double helix Watson and Crick , 1953. Two separate strands Antiparellel (5’?3’ direction) Complementary (sequence) Base pairing: hydrogen bonding that holds two strands together Essential for replicating DNA and transcribing RNA Sugar-phosphate backbones (negatively charged): outside Planar bases (stack one above the other): inside back Base pairing via hydrogen bonds A:T G:C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 2 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2 1 3 4 5 6 Double helix B form: Right-handed 10 base pairs/turn 34 ? /turn Diameter: ca. 20 ? Other forms: A: 11 bases/turn, base plate 20° slant Z: 12 bases/turn, left-handed helical, one groove C1 Nucleic Acid Structure C1 Nucleic Acid Structure RNA Secondary Structure Single stranded, no long helical structure like double-stranded DNA Globular conformation with local regions of helical structure formed by intramolecular hydrogen bonding and base stacking. tRNA (clover-like) Conformational variability of RNA is important for the much more diverse roles of RNA in the cell, when compared to DNA. Structure and Function correspondence of protei