MRI技术01.pptVIP

Imaging Techniques of Application 回顾 核磁共振成像方法 人体中三分之二是水。水分子由两个氢原子和一个氧原子组成。氢原子的核子，即质子，可以比做一个磁性陀螺仪。磁共振系统就是利用这种物理特性制成的。在一个强磁场中——通常比地球磁场强30,000倍，任意旋转的质子通常顺着磁场方向平行排列或反磁场方面平行排列。根据磁场的强度，所有的质子摆成一行，这就产生了一个可以测量的磁矩。 排列的质子在电磁频率的干扰下，队列会发生变化。磁矩开始在磁场的场线附近旋转。当电磁干扰结束的时候，质子释放从磁场获得的能量，这些能量被线圈接收。越多核子按同一方面排列，说明信号强度越高，磁场强度也越大。通过从空间上改变磁场，人们可以确定磁共振信号的发源点，从而利用计算机程序重建图像，这种方法类似于CT成像。磁共振图像的对比度依赖于人体器官中水的空间分布。人体在放松休息的时候，就等同于电磁频率被切断而进行图像重建的时刻。  MRI技术应用 MR Subsystems RF Coils Body Coil Head Coil Surface Coils Phased Array Coils MR Subsystems Five Types RF Gradient Shimming Magnet Computer MR Subsystems Body Coil large cylinder (volume coil) sending RF pulses into the patient that provide “flip” for protons also can be used as a receiver for large FOV scans (abdominal, full spine, etc) MR Subsystems Head Coil smaller cylinder usually volume coil with quadrature or phased array design many different designs exist high field low field MR Subsystems Surface Coils specialized coils, varying in size receive signal from localized regions and have higher SNR quadrature or linear design MR Subsystems Phased Array Coils allow large FOV scanning providing the SNR of a surface coil e.g. CTL, Pelvis, TMJ, Head/Neck, etc. MR Subsystems Gradient Coils consists of three sets of X, Y, and Z Coils located within the magnet provides a means to spatially encode the image and locate the slice produces small changes in the main magnetic field Summary Five Types Radio Frequency Gradient Shimming Magnet Computer There are three general types of MRA： Time-of-Flight Angiography； Phase Contrast Angiography； Contrast Enhanced Angiography。 TOF之SE法 In the presence of flow and the correct TE time, blood from the 90o plane flows into the 180o plane and produces an echo。 TOF之GRE法 2D TOF法 2D TOF脉冲序列采用的是连续的单个薄层扫描，扫描层面应与血流方向相垂直，最大地利用流入增强效应，常采用的TR为40－50ms，翻转角为45－600，这种参数下可大大提高流动质子的信号（除非血流速度＜3cm/s）。为了单独的评价动脉或静脉，可在成像层面的一侧设置预饱和层。 3D TOF法 利用流入增强效应来增强血流信号采用了无间隔的容积扫描，分辨力好，但是由于是容积采集，血流在成像容积内要经过较长的距离，而流入增强效应持续的距离较