代词Pronoun.pptVIP

代词体系：人称代词（Personal Pronoun）,物主代词（Possessive Pronoun）,反身代词（Reflexive Pronoun）,相互代词（Reciprocal Pronoun）,指示代词（Demonstrative Pronoun）,疑问代词（Interrogative Pronoun）,关系代词（Relative Pronoun）,不定代词（Indefinite Pronoun） 2当先行项为某些并列结构时 代词的选择 当先行项为某些并列结构时，一般根据该并列结构的单、复数意义来决定代词以及相应限定词的单、复数形式。例如:My friend and roommate agreed to lend me his car. My friend and my roommate have agreed to lend me their cars. 3当先行项为某些集体名词时 代词的选择 当先行项为某些集体名词时，随后的代词以及相应的限定词依该集体名词用语何种意义而定。例如：The team has won its first game. The team are now on the floor taking practice shots at the basket. 4当先行项为“复数名词或代词+each”时 代词的选择 当先行项为复数名词或代词作句子主语 并带有each作同位语时，如果each出现在动词之前，随后的人称代词或相应的限定词用复数；如果each位于动词之后，随后的人称代词或相应的限定词用单数。例如：They each had their problems. They had each his own problem. 二：代词及其先行项的“性”的一致 “性”（Gender）是个语法范畴，它表示性别的特殊语法形式。 英语名词有四个性，阳性（Masculine Gender）如 man father son；阴性 Feminone Gender 如woman mother wife ;中性 Neuter Gender 如book desk car ；通性 Common Gender 如student teacher doctor。 1当先行项为阳性或阴性名词时，代词以及相应的限定词分别用阳性或阴性。例如：The boy is brightest in the class.All the teacher like him. Mother is not quite herself today.She may have caught a cold. 2通性名词 如 baby,child,doctor等,既可以是男性，也可以是女性。这类名词以其单数形式表示类指时，通常用阳性代词或相应的限定词来指代。例如：An instructor should offer his student chanllenging projects.若要避免这种用法，可以将例句中的his替换为their.在法律书文等正式语体中，还可以用he or she ,his or her 来指代单数通性名词。例如，An instructor should offer his or her student chanllenging projects.但是，he or she,his or her,不宜在同一片文章中出现多次，否则将违反”简练“原则。为了避免频繁使用he or she ,his or her,也可以改用复数代词或者避免使用代词。 当先行项为未知性别，baby,child,等通性名词，可以用中性代词it 当通性名词表示特指含义时，随后的代词以及相应的限定词必须根据上下文所表示的具体性别选用适当的形式。例如 A student at Barnard College has to do her own work. Barnard College是女子大学 先行项为中性名词时 代词的选择 当先行项为单数中性名词，即表示无生命的名词时，代词以及相应的限定词通常用中性（it,its,itself）。例如:That book has lost its cover.I will put a new one on it tomorrow. Have you received my letter?It was posted a month ago. 但是，如果说话人带感情色彩，也可以用阴性或阳性代词指代中性物，如船员常用she称呼ship:The sailors saw a ship in the distance.She was sailing toward the rocky island.又如人们常称呼自己喜爱的汽车为she或