Unit 5 international barriers.pptVIP

Unit 5 Barriers to International Trade Paragraph 1 The difference between the total payments of a country to other countries and its total receipts from other countries is its balance of payments. payment: an amount paid 支付数额 receipt: an amount received 接受到的数额 一国对其他国家的总支出与其从他国的总收入之间的差异称国际收支差额。 More specifically, the balance of payments is the summary of a country’s financial transactions with other countries — including 更具体地说，贸易差额就是一国与其他国家之间的贸易总额包括 imports and exports balance of trade , 进口与出口（贸易差额）、 long term overseas business investments in plants and equipment, 对国外工厂和设备的长期投资、 government loans to and from other countries, 进出其他国家的政府贷款、 gifts and foreign aid to and from other countries, 进出其他国家的馈赠和外援 military expenditures made in other countries, 在他国的军费开支， and money deposits and withdrawals in foreign banks. 以及在外国银行的存款与提款。 Paragraph 2 International trade is carried out by both businesses and governments. Sometimes, however, trade barriers are created. 国际贸易由企业和政府双轨进行。但有时会构筑贸易壁垒。 These barriers affect the willingness and the ability of firms to sell to one another in foreign markets. 这些贸易壁垒影响到企业到国外市场进行贸易往来的愿望和能力。 这些贸易壁垒影响到企业到国外拓展市场的愿望和彼此之间进行贸易的能力。 Generally speaking, the major obstacles to trade among nations are 总的说来，各国之间主要的贸易障碍有 natural barriers 自然壁垒、 tariff barriers 关税壁垒 and non-tariff barriers. 和非关税壁垒。 Paragraph 3 * Natural Barriers to Trade The distance increasing the cost of shipment is one of the natural barriers to international trade. Language is another natural trade barrier. * 自然贸易壁垒 国际贸易的自然壁垒之一就是距离，这导致货运成本的增加。语言为另一自然贸易壁垒。 The inability to translate what someone else is saying hinders mutual understanding. Once trade is established, language difficulties may result in the wrong merchandise being shipped. 不能翻译他人的话就会阻碍相互之间的理解。贸易关系一旦建立起来，语言方面的困难就会导致发错商品。 Paragraph 4 * Tariff Barriers to Trade A tariff is a tax or customs duty levied by a nation on imported goods. levy: to impose or collect a tax, for example 征税 eg. 政府对进