微生物应用技术6讲解.pptVIP

第八章 微生物燃料电池与生物传感器 燃料电池定义 燃料电池构造及与原电池的区别 燃料电池的特点 1、高效率 2、高可靠性 3、良好的环境效益 4、良好的操作性能 5、高度灵活性 6、发展潜力巨大 燃料电池存在问题 价格昂贵 高温时寿命及稳定性有待提高 技术不够普及 燃料供应体系单一 燃料电池研究历史 1839年发现使用铂电极电解硫酸时，在两极产生电势差 50年代，培根开发碱式电池系统，60年代用于阿波罗计划 90年代，质子交换膜燃料电池 生物燃料电池 利用生物催化剂将化学能转变为电能 特点： 1、原料广泛 2、操作条件温和 3、生物相容性好 酶燃料电池 主要使用脱氢酶与氧化酶 原料为甲醇和葡萄糖 特点： 1、发电 2、生产生化产品 微生物燃料电池 菌种（细菌或微藻） 介体 特点： 1、处理污水 2、利用污水中的有机废物发电 微生物燃料电池（Microbial fuel cell） A Microbial Fuel Cell is a device that converts chemical energy to electrical energy by the catalytic reaction of microorganisms. A typical microbial fuel cell consists of anode and cathode compartments separated by a cation specific membrane. In the anode compartment, fuel is oxidized by microbe generating electrons and protons. Electrons are transferred to the cathode compartment through the circuit, and the protons through the membrane. Electrons and protons are consumed in the cathode compartment reducing oxygen to water. In general, there are two types of microbial fuel cell, mediator- and mediator-less microbial fuel cell. A typical Microbial Fuel cell Microbial fuel cell cleans water, generates electricity the Penn State experiments have produced between 10 and 50 milliWatts of power per square meter of electrode surface, or about 5 percent of the amount needed to run one mini-Christmas tree light, while removing up to 78 percent of organic matter as measured by biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). Dissimilatory metal-reducing microorganisms, such as Geobacter and Rhodoferax species, have the novel ability to directly transfer electrons to the surface of electrodes. This had led to the construction of microbial fuel cells that are superior to previously described microbial fuel cells in that: Current research is focusing on elucidating the mechanisms of electron transfer between the microorganisms and the electrode in order to design better electrodes or genetically engineer better microbes for higher rates of electricity production. 1) that are much more efficient;