不同水质评价方法在金海水库的应用.docVIP

不同水质评价方法在金海水库的应用 　　摘要：根据金海水库监测数据，参照《地表水环境质量标准（GB3838-2002）》3类标准，分别应用单因子评价法、内梅罗污染指数法和模糊综合评价法对水库水质现状进行评价。结果表明，单因子评价偏于保守，最好水质类别为Ⅱ类，最差为Ⅴ类，且不达标月份占25%。内梅罗污染指数（Ip）反映月份水质状况变化趋势，12月和次年1月Ip大于1，为不达标月份，其余月份均达标；季节Ip比较：冬季夏季秋季春季。模糊综合评价体现水质好坏的模糊性，评价结果较好，最好水质类别为Ⅰ类，最差为Ⅲ类，不存在超标月份。总体来说，金海水库水质现状较好，符合饮用水地表水源标准，但部分月份存在轻度污染，应及时采取措施，确保用水安全。 　　关键词：金海水库；水质评价；单因子评价；内梅罗污染指数；模糊综合评价 　　中图分类号：X824 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2016）08-1974-05 　　DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2016.08.016 　　Abstract： According to Jinhai reservoir monitoring data， it applied single factor evaluation， Nemerow pollution index method and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to evaluate the status of water quality in the reservoir respectively referring to Surface Water Quality Standards （GB3838-2002）. The results showed that， the single factor evaluation was conservative，the best water quality category was classⅡ，the worst was class Ⅴ， and the months below the standard accounted for 25%. Nemerow pollution index（Ip） reflected changes in water quality trends in the month， the Ip was greater than 1 in December and January，which was not up to the standard， the rest of the month all reached the standard. Seasonal comparison of Ip：wintersummerautumnspring. Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation reflected the ambiguity of good and bad of water quality， the evaluation results was good， and the best water quality category was classⅠ， the worst was class Ⅲ， there was no excessive month. Generally speaking，the water quality situation of Jinhai reservoir was good， accorded with the standard of drinking surface water sources， but there was still light pollution in some months， therefore， measures should be promptly taken to ensure water security. 　　Key words： Jinhai reservoir； water quality assessment； single factor evaluation； Nemerow pollution index；fuzzy comprehensive evaluation 　　近年来，水质污染等一系列问题已成为国内急需面对的问题。水质恶化、水资源供需失衡、用水安全得不到保障等矛盾日益突出，因此水质评价越来越受到人们的重视。水质评价是根据需要，按照评价目标，选择相应的水质参数、标准和评价方法，对水体质量作出评价[1]。常见的水环境质量评价方法主要有单因子评价法、综合指数法、模糊