词性-准动词.docVIP

词性-准动词 7.准动词 1.不定式 1.名词用法 不定式(Infinitive)的名词用法 不定式的形式为to+原形动词,当名词时其用法与一般名词相同,可作主语,宾语,补语,意为做....事情. (1)作主语的情况 a)To err is human,to forgive is divine.犯错是人之常情,宽恕是圣人行径. 说明:to err及to forgive在本句皆当主语. c)It is quite easy to complete the work.这件工作很容易做. 说明:it为假主语,本句真正的主语为to complete the work (2)成为宾语的情况 a)I like to take a walk after dinner.吃完晚饭后我喜欢散个步. 说明:本句是不定式当完全及物动词的宾语. b)I dont know what to do.我不知道该怎么办. 说明:本句是不定式当完全及物动词宾语. c)She considered it unwise to make him angry.她认为惹他生气是不智之举. 说明:本句是不定式当不完全及物动词的宾语. (3)当作补语的情况 a)His mothers only wish was to send him to a university.他母亲的唯一愿望就是让他念大学. 说明:不定式当主语补语. b)The evidence proved the suspect to be innocent.这证据显示这嫌疑犯是无辜的. 说明:不定式当宾语补语. 2.形容词用法 不定式(Infinitive)的形容词用法 不定式的形容词用法中,有修饰名词的限定用法,和当做补语的叙述用法. (1)限定用法 a)He is a man to keep his promise.他是个信守承诺的人. b)Give me something hot to drink.给我些热的饮料喝好吗? 说明:一般而言,不定式放在所修饰的名词,代词的后面,但有时会有形容词放在名词及不定式中间. c)He has no intention to win the game.他无意赢得比赛. 说明:本句的不定式与前面的名词是同位语. (2)叙述用法 a)接在be动词后面表示未来,预定,义务要做的事 John and Mary are to be married next year.约翰和玛丽明年结婚. b)接于系动词后(appear,seem,look,prove等)作主语补语 They seemed to enjoy the concert.他们很欣赏这场音乐会. The news proves to be true.这则新闻被证实是真的. 3.副词用法 不定式(Infinitive)的副词用法 副词用法的不定式,用来修饰动词,形容词,副词,以表示目的,原因,条件. (1)表目的的情况: a)I just call to inquire after your health.我只是打电话问候一下你的健康. b)He spoke clearly so as to be heard by everyone.他讲得很清楚,好让大家都听得到. (2)表原因,理由,判断的情况: a)I am very sorry to hear that.听到这个消息,我很难过. b)I am a fool to lose my temper with you.我真傻,居然对你发脾气. (3)表结果的情况: a)We tried to achieve our goal several times,only to fail.为达到目标我们试了好几次,但终究失败了. b)I wake to find my dog licking my face.我醒来时发现我的狗正在舔我的脸. (4)表条件,假定的情况: a)Youll do well to speak more slowly.把说话速度放慢些比较好. b)To hear him talk,you would take him for a genius.如果听他说话,你会觉得他是个天才. 4.独立不定式 独立不定式(Absolute infinitive) 不定式的短语,在句中与其他部分无关联,用以修饰句子全体,大多是表条件,让步的惯用句. (1)To tell you the truth,I dont like this painting.老实说,我不喜欢这幅画. (2)