現在完成式(presentperfecttense).docVIP

康版 英語 第4冊 U.7U.8 現在完成式 Present Perfect Tense 前言：動詞有三態 原形 VR 、過去式 pt 、過去分詞 pp 規則變化：原形動詞+ed 則形成過去式和過去分詞 不規則變化：AAA型 動詞三態相同 put-put-put , read-read-read , hurt-hurt-hurt , cost-cost-cost … ABB型 過去式與過去分詞相同 win-won-won , hear-heard-heard , buy-bought-bought …. ABC型 動詞三態皆不相同 do-did-done , see-saw-seen , eat-ate-eaten…. ABA型 過去分詞與原形動詞相同 run-ran-run , come-came-come ….. 現在完成式的形式：have+過去分詞 / has+過去分詞 have/has為助動詞 肯定句 have+過去分詞 / has+過去分詞 否定句 haven’t + pp / hasn’t + pp 疑問句 Have / Has + 主詞 + pp…? Yes, 代名詞 have / has. 疑問詞 have / has + 主詞 + pp…? 現在完成式的使用時機 表示某動作已經做完了 have+p.p. 表示某動作尚未做 haven’t+p.p. I have seen him this morning. 今天早上我已經見過他了。 He has bought a new bicycle. 他已經買了一輛新的腳踏車了。 I haven’t given the book to him. 我還沒有把書給他。 ＊肯定句可以加入already 位置have already p.p. 或 句尾 否定句或疑問句可以加入yet 位置 句尾 或 have yet p.p. Have you finished your homework yet? 你已經完成作業了嗎？ Yes, I have. I have finished my homework already. 是的，我已經完成作業了。 I have already finished my homework. No, I haven’t. I haven’t finished my homework yet. 不，我尚未完成作業。 ＊常見的時間副詞：just 剛剛 、recently / lately 最近 、today、this week…. I have just finished my homework. have+just+pp I haven’t heard from Jane lately. He has taken out the garbage this morning. ＊過去發生的動作，其結果影響到現在或其狀態繼續到現在 He has eaten nothing today. 他今天什麼都沒吃。現在一定很餓 I have lost my watch. I lost my watch and now I have no watch. 比較 I lost my watch, but my mom found it for me this morning.過去發生的動作， 從過去到現在曾經有過的經驗 have+p.p. 未曾/從沒 have never p.p. ＊疑問句可以加入ever；否定句用never Have you ever seen the movie? Yes, I have. I have seen the movie. No, I never have. I have never seen it. Has Tom ever told the story? Yes, he has. He has told it. No, he never has. He has never told it. 注意：肯定句不得出現ever ； never在簡答及詳答的位置不同 ever只有在下列的肯定句中出現 修飾含有最高級的形容詞子句 This is the longest train that I have ever seen. Tom is the best student that I have ever taught. ＊常見的時間副詞：before 以前 次數once, twice, three times, several times、 in one’s life 在…一生之中 I have seen the movie three times. 我曾經看過那部電影