chapter 3 translation methods.pptVIP

Chapter 3 The Methods of Translation Literal Translation Free/Libral Translation Transliteration Key Points: What are literal translation  free translation? The argument between two methods in history. When to employ the means of  translation? Two methods in translation practice. 1、直译与意译的定义。 Literal translation is asked 1) not to alter the figures of speech, 2) strive to retain the original sentence structures or patterns as much as possible. It strives to reproduce both the ideological content and the style of the original works and retains as much as possible the figures of speech. 1、直译与意译的定义。 Free translation changes the original work’s figures of speech, sentence structures or patterns, but not the original meaning. It stresses the TL smoothness. It aims at the communicative effect of the translated version. 2、翻译史上直译与意译的争论。 1）晋：道安 translation of Sanskirt 直译代表： “案本而传，不令有损言游字。时有改倒句。余尽实录。” 2）Kumara jiva 鸠摩罗什 意译代表：《鸠摩罗什传》 “但改梵为秦，失其藻蔚，虽得大意，殊隔文体，有似嚼饭与人，非徒失味，乃令呕秽也。” 3）玄奘：即须求真，又须喻俗。 《续高僧传》： 今所翻传，都由奘旨，意思独断，出语成章。词随人写，即可披玩。 3、翻译的最高境界是直译与意译的融合。 史例：1 梁启超： 若玄奘者，则直译意译，圆满调和，斯道之轨也。 A successful translation is usually a combination of both, and both methods ought to be adopted in a flexible and realistic way. 史例：2 林语堂的《浮生六记》 东坡云：事如春梦了无痕。 Su Donpo said：Life is like a spring dream which vanished without a trace. 史例：2 林语堂的《浮生六记》 芸回眸微笑。便觉一缕情丝摇人魂魄，拥之入帐，不知东方之既白。 Yun looked back at me with a smile and our souls were carried away in a mist of passion. Then we went to bed, when all too soon the dawn came. 4、直译与意译在实践中很难调和。 例1 He walked at the head of the funeral procession, and every now and then wiped his crocodile tears with a big handkerchief. 例2 武行者心中要吃，那里听他分说，一片声喝道“放屁，放屁”。 《水浒传》 Now Wu the priest longed much to eat ,so how could he be willing to listen to this explanation? He bellowed forth: “Pass your wind, Pass your wind”. Kiss-me-quick; He bent solely upon profit. We are h