沈阳农业大学博士英语课：英语总结材料.docVIP

第一单元 1. The withdrawal of Soviet economic and technical aid in the early 1960s caused trade to shift away from the USSR and its Comecon partners towards Japan and Western Europe. A consistent theme of China’s foreign trade policies has been the strong emphasis which has been placed on developing trade relations with the Third World countries. 20世纪60年代初期，苏联撤回了对中国的经济和技术的支持，这使得中国的对外贸易从苏联和它的经济互助委员会成员国转向了日本和西欧国家。中国对外经济贸易政策的一贯宗旨已经转移到发展与第三世界的贸易关系上。 2. A commodity breakdown of China’s trade shows that fuels accounted for 24 percent of total exports in 1982, food products for 13 percent, textile fibres and mineral ores for 7 percent and manufactured goods(the most important products were textiles, chemicals and machinery and transport equipment) for 55 percent. 中国的贸易商品分类表明，1982年燃料占总出口的24%，食品占13%，纺织纤维和矿砂占7%，制造品占55%（最重要的产品是纺织品化工产品机械及运输设备）。 3. A wide variety of industrial goods are now exported and Chinese capital equipment has been used by a number of developing countries to establish projects in areas such as agriculture, forestry, light industry, food processing, water conservation and transport and communications. 目前，中国出口各种各样的工业产品，一些发展中国家用中国的资本设备来建设项目，这些项目的领域包括农业林业轻工业食品加工业水利工程和通信行业等。 4. The US dollar value of Chinese exports increased at an average rate of almost 18 percent per annum between 1978 and 1983,while imports increased by approximately 11 percent per annum. 在1978年到1983年期间，以美元计价的中国出口商品的价值平均每年增长18%，同时进口大约每年增长11%。 5. Official recognition that foreign technology could play a major role in modernizing the Chinese economy had caused imports to rise by more than 50 percent in 1978 placing undue strain on the national economy. 政府意识到国外的技术对现代中国经济起到至关重要的作用，这使得进口额在1978上升50%，取代了对国民经济造成的巨大压力。 （在过去的纪念里，粮食进口迅速下降。1984年，中国已经成为了粮食出口国。在1983年，我国开始出口大豆和棉花。） 6. Chinese officials stress the importance of introducing advanced technology to domestic industry, but the need is for technology of varying degrees of sophistication, not necessarily for advanced technology as that term is unders