Analysis of Variance (ANOVA).ppt

Analysis of Variance ANOVA Why ANOVA? In real life things do not typically result in two groups being compared Test lines on I-64 in Frankfort Two-sample t-tests are problematic Increasing the risk of a Type I error At .05 level of significance, with 100 comparisons, 5 will show a difference when none exists experimentwise error So the more t-tests you run, the greater the risk of a type I error rejecting the null when there is no difference ANOVA allows us to see if there are differences between means with an OMNIBUS test When ANOVA? Data must be experimental If you do not have access to statistical software, an ANOVA can be computed by hand With many experimental designs, the sample sizes must be equal for the various factor level combinations A regression analysis will accomplish the same goal as an ANOVA. ANOVA formulas change from one experimental design to another Variance – why do scores vary? A representation of the spread of scores What contributes to differences in scores? Individual differences Which group you are in Variance to compare Means We are applying the variance concept to means How do means of different groups compare to the overall mean Do the means vary so greatly from each other that they exceed individual differences within the groups? Between/Within Groups Variance can be separated into two major components Within groups – variability or differences in particular groups individual differences Between groups - differences depending what group one is in or what treatment is received Formulas: page 550 Bottom Line We are examining the ratio of differences variances from treatment to variances from individual differences If the ratio is large there is a significant impact from treatment. We know if a ratio is “large enough” by calculating the ratio of the MST to MSE and conducting an F test. Fundamental Concepts You are able to compare MULTIPLE means Between-group variance reflects differences in the way the groups were tr