融生物多样性及缘效应原理于生态设计.doc

文献综述 ——融生物多样性及边缘效应原理于生态设计 摘要：现如今“生态”这个词受到人们的广泛关注，“生态设计”正顺应了这个大的发展趋势。将生物多样性及边缘效应等原理融入生态设计，使得“生态设计”有了深层理论的支撑，不再只是纸上空谈。这对“生态设计”的发展具有重大意义。本文首先提出研究课题的意义及相关概念，再分别点出了生态设计、生物多样性、边缘效应的相关研究及发展趋势，最后对三者进行联系总结，并提出融生物多样性及边缘效应原理于生态设计的展望。 关键词：生态设计 ；生物多样性 ；边缘效应 ；设计结合自然 1 前言 1.1研究课题的意义 研究融生物多样性及边缘效应原理于生态设计，可以更加高效有力的进行生态设计，将设计结合自然。最大限度的减少资源消耗、改善人居环境、维持生态系统健康。保持和维护乡土生物与生境的多样性。做到循环利用和可持续，促进人与自然的协调和谐，得到双赢。 1.2课题相关概念 生态设计：是任何与生态过程相协调，尽量使其对环境的破坏影响达到最小的设计形式，都称为生态设计。生态设计是一种人与自然协调的设计方式，是一种可持续的设计方法。 生物多样性：是一定范围内植物、动物和微生物的多样化和变异性，以及生境的生态复杂性。 边缘效应：是在两个或两个以上不同性质的生态系统交互作用处，由于某些生态因子或系统属性的差异和协合作用而引用而引起系统某些组分及行为的较大变化，称为边缘效应。 coupling Centre shall be checked, the second poured concrete strength of more than 70%. In the process of reaming or boring, apart from the special provisions in factory, does not allow any work that may affect the coupling Centre, such as irrigation, to cylinder connections to flood the condenser pipes and so on. Well boring, hinge bolt hole flange with coupling of vertical, not oblique. Mounting bolts should be added lubricants, typing gently with a small hammer, not too loose or too tight, packed the bolts with the corresponding seal screw hole should be marked. 6.4.5.4.2 coupling reamed and pairings is close to the diameter of bolt bearing good hinge holes, dressed with a good two coupling bolts before you can move the rotor, boring-reaming hole in turn. Coupling bolts must be tight coupling is symmetrical diameter, in boring, reaming, two bolts out. Well boring, hinge bolt hole flange with coupling of vertical, not oblique. Due to the coupling bolts in accordance with hinge holes corresponding to the diameter of the screw holes one by one after processing, processing back bolt installation location cannot be changed, so according to bolt after the actual weight difference of nut and lock washer to match. General requirements for coupling two symmetrical diameter bolt, nut and lock washers total weight difference should not