新世纪大学英语合教程第三册第八单元.doc

Unit 8 Book 3 Competition and Cooperation I. Difficult Sentences 1. “Dog-eat-dog” rivalries are fueled by “greedy self-interests” operating according to “the law of the jungle” in which “survival of the fittest” is the only rule. What do the phrases “the law of the jungle” and “survival of the fittest” mean? (=a. “The law of the jungle” means everyone cares for himself only. b. “Survival of the fittest” means only the strongest creatures will stay alive. Translate the sentence into Chinese. (=“贪婪的私利”遵循“丛林法则”中“适者生存”这唯一的一条定律，使“互相倾轧”的竞争变本加厉。) 2. But those who deplore free-market competition simply do not understand it. What is the author’s attitude toward the people who are strongly against free-market competition? (=In the author’s opinion, they don’t really know what competition means.) 3. Competitive markets excel at promoting cooperation. Paraphrase the sentence. (=Competitive markets do quite well in encouraging people to cooperate.) 4. Competition and cooperation exist side by side. (1) Translate the sentence. (=竞争与合作并存。) (2) Say something more about the usage of “side by side.” (= This kind of phrases are called “frequentative words”(重复型成对词). The two same words can be linked by the conjunction “and” or prepositions such as “in”, “by” and so on. More examples: again and again 反复地; 屡次地; 一再地 through and through彻底地；全面地 out-and-out完全的, 彻底的 day after day持续不断地 word for word逐字逐句地 eye to eye见解一致 man-to-man坦诚地 hand in hand手牵手地，紧密合作 5. It follows that we must find some way to decide who gets how much of any scarce goods. Translate the sentence into Chinese. (=这样我们必须找到某种方式来确定谁该得到多少某种奇缺的商品。) 6. We call such bidding competition, but note that such competition differs fundamentally from another kind of “competition”… (1) What does the first “such” refer to here? (= It refers to what had mentioned in the previous sentence.) (2) Compare the two “such” in the sentence. (=These two words have different parts of speech. The first one i