戴炜栋英语语言学Chapter12概览.pptVIP

Chapter 12 Language and Brain Main Tasks What is neurolinguistics? What is psycholinguistics? Linguistics and language processing Psycholinguistic modeling What is neurolinguistics? Neurolinguistics (神经语言学) is the study of two related areas: language disorders and the relationship between the brain and language. It includes research into how the brain is structured and what function each part of the brain performs, how and in which parts of the brain language is stored, and how damage to the brain affects the ability to use language.　 What is psycholinguistics? Psycholinguistics (心理语言学) is the study of psychological states and mental activity associated with the use of language. It concerns the representation of language in the mind, the planning, production, perception and comprehension of speech, and language acquisition. Language Processing (P.183) Bottom-up processing (自下而上处理) is the way that makes use principally of information which is already present in the data (i.e. words, sentences, etc.) Top-down processing (自上而下处理) is a way to make use of previous knowledge in analyzing and processing information (i.e. words, sentences, etc.) which is received. Garden path sentences (P.186) A garden path sentence (花园小径句) is a grammatically correct but awkward sentence that misleads the syntactic parser and takes it down the garden path to the wrong analysis. 指一种语法正确，但会人误入歧途、做出错误分析的句子。 E.g. The horse raced past the barn fell. Psycholinguistic modeling (P.188) Psycholinguistic models of speech production was proposed by Levelt (1989). It consists of three main components, namely, the conceptualizer, the formulator, and the articulator. Figure 12-2 (P.188). Assignments Review the whole book and prepare for the final examination. * *