02TOFD超声波衍射时差法解析.ppt

* * * * 应用 TOFD 技术检测到的缺陷信号 近表面裂纹 裂纹上尖端信号将直通波信号打断 2 1 X形坡口中部未焊透 上下尖端都有明显的信号 1 2 3 4 根部未焊透 直通波的相位与缺陷相位相同 1 2 3 侧壁未熔合 能够清晰的看到上下尖端信号 1 2 3 4 气孔 气孔信号或单个出现，或成串的出现 1 2 横向裂纹 能够看到裂纹的宽波束信号 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 根部内凹 内壁反射信号发生扭曲 1 2 3 层间未熔合 二、TOFD在压力容器制造过程中现场应用 3、现场缺陷数据分析 裂纹1 （08R018 TK101A F6 7.14m） TOFD数据分析结果：H 28.1mm ⊿H 9.8mm 位置 174.1mm L 323.2mm（焊缝位置偏心） 二、TOFD在压力容器制造过程中现场应用 3、现场缺陷数据分析 裂纹2（08R063 R713 A10 0.3 H 29 L 40 III级 UT H 28 L 35 SL+13dB III级 二、TOFD在压力容器制造过程中现场应用 3、现场缺陷数据分析 裂纹2（08R063 R713 A10 0.3 H 29 L 40 III级 UT H 28 L 35 SL+13dB III级 、TOFD在压力容器制造过程中现场应用 3、现场缺陷数据分析 裂纹3（08R018 D203 F2 11.350 * * Since TOFD is based upon diffraction it is useful to first explain what is meant by diffraction This slide shows schematically a plane discontinuity called a crack for simplicity in a solid medium.When a wave hits this surface, it will be reflected following the law of Snell. This is the normal specular reflection on a flat surface, also called the mirror effect. The specular reflection is commonly used in standard pulse-echo inspection technique. The picture shows clearly the need for optimum orientation of the incident wave on the discontinuity:due to the bad orientation, the reflected energy does not return to the source. Something that is not shown on the slide is the part of the energy of the wave that travels through the crack. This is not shown on the picture since this is of no importance for the explanation. Another interesting phenomenon are the waves that are generated at the edges of the crack. These so-called diffraction waves can be explained by the Huyghens principle * We can imagine that the incoming wave makes vibrating the boundaries of the defect. Following the Huygens’ principle, each point of a vibrating elastic medium acts as a secondary source of vibration. So new elementary spherical waves are generated at the edges of the defect. * Very important to notice is that, since the waves are spherical, they propagate