政府和集体退出之后的农村管理问题-ifpri2020conferences.ppt

和农民打成一片为农民排忧解难For the peasants, by the peasants, with the peasants 左上-和农民学员一起做游戏 To be one of local participants, playing game together 左下-捐助翟城村白血病儿童 Respected by peasants 农民被大学生和志愿者感动流泪，潜在的骨干脱颖而出，成为乡村建设的主力.Peasants elites are deeply moved by volunteers 经验教训： Experience: 相信并依靠农民不是问题。如何发动农民才是问题。How to mobilize peasants? 开放的合作平台 左上—国际NGO在农村召开的乡村建设国际研讨会The 1st time of holding an international forum in a village. 右下--翟城村妇女参加“农家女”学校组织的培训 Females joined training for self organization 第一组农村生态建筑群：从建设生态厕所到生态住宅 Eco-construction by rural recycle materials 中国第一组农村生态建筑群 The 1st rural Eco-architectures built by local/recycled materials 办公室/礼堂（半地下温室大棚）/农宅 2005年夏季设计施工，已经开始在中原农村扩大试点 Multi Eco-Agriculture Animal Husbandry/toilet bio-gas/vegetables/fruit garden/fish pound 六位一体：猪圈/厕所/沼气池，菜地/果园/养鱼池 左上-高校建筑专业的学生志愿者参与生态建筑劳动left: domestic students joint the bio-construction 右下-香港大学生志愿者参与夏收 Right: overseas students joint the harvest 堆肥/畜力/土法治虫（烟叶、辣椒浸汁）Eco-fertilizer cultivate by animal 问题1：停止化学化农业必然低产，谁补贴？Problem: Alternated to organic farming, reduced product. Who pay subsidy? 问题2：农业劳动力平均收入低于非农收入5倍以上，造成劳动力影子价格影响——外出打工回来的农村青年劳动力即使过剩也难以再投入农业，难以替代化肥农药等，导致农业成本持续上涨。 Non agriculture labor income is at least 5 times than agriculture, made a shadow price of rural labor, which reduce surplus labor invest for organic farming. 新农村建设成果：合作社与有机农业 Outcomes of IRR: Cooperative Org. Farming 翟城村农民登记参加乡建学院发动的合作社。peasants joined the cooperative helped by IRR 志愿者创办的乡村建设学院的有机农业实验室。Volunteers working for the IRR Lab of org. farming  假如要农民组织起来自保自助、自我管理、自我服务，实现自治条件下的农村稳定，必须得改的是政府这一头。 Local government reconstruction must be taking into the consideration for maintaining the stability 在单纯农业生产领域中不可能有条件形成新的经济组织，因为没有组织费用来源；当前可行的主要是建立农村社会组织，如各种协会、或文化团体。 No resource of expenditure, no rural economic org. The urgent target is setting up social org. for rural real autonomy 新农村建设的重要经验：“文化建设，收效最高” diversified local rural culture 农民自办图书室和妇女秧歌队演出Peasants’ library and performing 从农民的需要出发左上-打工青年艺术团第3