经济学人读译Cvil-service exams公务员考试The golden rice-bowl“金饭碗”.docVIP

【导读】在中国，公务员这只“金饭碗”可不是那么好端的Civil-service exams公务员考试The golden rice-bowl“金饭碗”Young graduates, once risk-takers, now want to work for the government again曾喜欢冒险的年轻毕业生如今再度想要投向政府部门的怀抱Nov 24th 2012 | TAIYUAN, SHANXI PROVINCE | from the print editionAS CHINA’S economy has boomed over the past 30 years, the number of young people going into private business has grown accordingly. “Diving into the sea” of commerce, or xia hai as it is known, became accepted as the way to make money and get ahead, and interest in government jobs declined. Over the past decade, though, in an extraordinary reversal, young jobseekers have been applying in droves for government posts, even as the economy has quadrupled in size.过去三十年来，随着中国经济的繁荣发展，越来越多的年轻人在求职时走向了私营企业。为了赚钱、出人头地，人们接受了“下海”这种方式，而对政府职位渐渐失去了兴趣。在过去的十年里，中国经济规模翻了两番。然而与此同时，年轻的求职者来了个180度的大转弯，争先恐后地应聘起了政府职位。On November 25th the national civil-service examinations will take place, and about 1.4m people will sit them, 20 times more than a decade ago. Of that number, only 20,800 will be hired by government (millions more sit the equivalent provincial exams with similarly long odds of being hired). This increase is due in part to a surge in the number of university students entering an intensely competitive market for jobs—nearly 7m graduated this year, compared with 1.5m a decade ago. It is also thanks to health, pension and (sometimes) housing benefits, which are seen as generous and permanent in a society with an underfunded safety net—a modern version of the unbreakable Maoist “iron rice-bowl” of state employment.11月25日，中国将举行国家公务员考试。届时将有约140万人应考，是十年前的二十倍。在这么多考生中仅有20800人将被政府录用（此外还有几百万考生将参加类似的省级公务员考试，录取率同样很低）。应考人数相比往年有所增加，部分是由于进入竞争激烈的市场求职的大学生猛增——今年有近700万名大学生毕业，而十年前的毕业生仅为150万人。在医疗、养老和（部分情况下）住房方面，公务员还享有种种福利，这也是应考人数增加的原因。在毛泽东时代，政府公职是摔不坏的“铁饭碗”。而当今中国社保资金不足，在人们眼中，公务员享受的这些丰厚稳定的福利无疑也是一只“铁饭碗”。Some civil-service jobs, and almost all senior jobs, require membership of the Communist Party. This helps account for the resurgent appeal of t