语篇翻译衔接与连贯.docVIP

Chapter 7 语篇翻译——衔接与连贯 语篇通常指一系列连续的语段或句子构成的语言整体。它可以是独白、对话，也可以是众人交谈；可以说文字标志，也可以是诗歌、小说。它可以是讲话，也可以是文章；短者一两句可成篇，长者可洋洋万言以上。所以，可以说，无论是一句问候、一次谈话、一场论文答辩、一次记者招待会的问答，还是一张便条、一封书信、一份科研报告、一本文稿，都可以是语篇。 语篇包括“话语”（discourse）和“篇章”（text）。 7.1 衔接与连贯 (Cohesion vs Coherence) 衔接体现在语篇的表层结构上，是语篇的有形网络；连贯存在于语篇的底层，是语篇的无形网络。 衔接与连贯密不可分，衔接是实现语篇连贯的一个重要前提，但并不是说，连贯必须要以衔接为前提。 7.2 衔接 (Cohesion) 7.2.1 定义 衔接是将语句聚合在一起的语法及词汇手段的统称，是语篇表层的可见语言现象。 e.g. Paris? I’ve always wanted to go there. 7.2.2 分类 衔接手段大致可分为语法衔接手段（grammatical cohesion）和词汇衔接手段（lexical cohesion）两种。前者(reference)、替代(subsution)、省略(ellipsis)和关联(conjunction)；（后者指复现(reiteration)和同现(collocation)。这些语言手段形成一个有形的完整网络，使篇章的各组成部分有机地衔接起来，从而增强整个篇章的内聚力。1.就语句连接方式来说，英语多用连接词来连接，而汉语则通过意义来连接。 2.在语法方面，英语语法是显性的，而汉语语法则属隐性。 3.对英汉互译的启示。 7.2.4指称/照应(reference) 指称是指一个语言成分与另一语言成分产生关联。 e.g. Tommy likes ice-cream and he has always an appetite for it. e.g. Whenever he saw an ice cream, Tommy would like to taste it. e.g. Proverbs are heirlooms, treasured and passed on from generation to generation. We assume these pithy phrases sum up timeless wisdom. But are the truisms really true? Psychologists have found they’re pretty hit-or-miss. Still, they persist. After all, you know what they say: old habits?and old sayings?die hard. e.g. The patient shook her head and stretched out her hands towards the baby. The doctor put it in her arms. She kissed it on the forehead. e.g “But if a woman is partial to a man, and does not endeavor to conceal it, he must find it out.” “Perhaps he must, if he sees enough of her.” ---Jane Austen: Pride and prejudice 7.2.5 省略(ellipsis) 省略是用词项空缺的方式达到上下文衔接的目的。省略是在简洁和清晰两者间的一种协调。它往往包括名词性省略、动词性省略和分句性省略。 e.g. Because Alice won’t, Mary has to dust the furniture. e.g. Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. e.g. A man may usually be known by the books he reads as well as by the company he keeps; for there is