经营科学 07.pptVIP

Chapter 7Project Scheduling: PERT/CPM Project Scheduling with Known Activity Times Project Scheduling with Uncertain Activity Times Considering Time-Cost Trade-Offs PERT/CPM PERT Program Evaluation and Review Technique Developed by U.S. Navy for Polaris missile project Developed to handle uncertain activity times CPM Critical Path Method Developed by Du Pont Remington Rand Developed for industrial projects for which activity times generally were known Today抯 project management software packages have combined the best features of both approaches. PERT/CPM PERT and CPM have been used to plan, schedule, and control a wide variety of projects: RD of new products and processes Construction of buildings and highways Maintenance of large and complex equipment Design and installation of new systems PERT/CPM PERT/CPM is used to plan the scheduling of individual activities that make up a project. Projects may have as many as several thousand activities. A complicating factor in carrying out the activities is that some activities depend on the completion of other activities before they can be started. PERT/CPM Project managers rely on PERT/CPM to help them answer questions such as: What is the total time to complete the project? What are the scheduled start and finish dates for each specific activity? Which activities are critical and must be completed exactly as scheduled to keep the project on schedule? How long can noncritical activities be delayed before they cause an increase in the project completion time? Project Network A project network can be constructed to model the precedence of the activities. The nodes of the network represent the activities. The arcs of the network reflect the precedence relationships of the activities. A critical path for the network is a path consisting of activities with zero slack. Example: Frank抯 Fine Floats Frank抯 Fine Floats is in the business of building elaborate parade floats. Frank and his crew have a new flo