句子成分学生版.docVIP

句子成分 （一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 （二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如： During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（ ） We often speak English in class.（ ） One-third of the students in this class are girls.（ ） To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（ ） Smoking does harm to the health.（ ） The rich should help the poor.（ ） When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（ ） It is necessary to master a foreign language.（ ） （三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下： 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning. 2、复合谓语： （1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。 如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。 如：We are students. （四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。 例如： Our teacher of English is an American.（ ） Is it yours?（ ） The weather has turned cold.（ ） The speech is exciting.（ ） Three times seven is twenty one?（ ） His job is to teach English.（ ） His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（ ） The machine must be out of order.（ ） Time is up. The class is over.（ ） The truth is that he has never been abroad.（ ） （五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。 例如： They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（ ） The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.（ ） How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（ ） They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（ ） He pretended not to see me.（ ） I enjoy listening to popular music.（ ） I think（that）he is fit for his office.（ ） 宾语种类： （1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）， 例如：Lend me your dictionary, please. （2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补）， 例如：They elected him their monitor. （六）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等）+宾语+宾补。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。 例如： His father named him Dongming.（ ） They painted their