美国劳动法.doc

United States labor law United States labor law?is the body of?law?that mediates the rights and duties of workers, employers and?labor unions?in the?United States of America.Federal laws, such as the?Fair Labor Standards Act, the?National Labor Relations Act, the?Civil Rights Act of 1964?and the?Occupational Safety and Health Act?set the standards that govern workers rights to organize in the?private sector, and override most?state?and local laws. Usually there are more limited rights for employees of the?federal government, but not state or local governments, where workers derive their rights from state law. Federal and state laws protect workers from?employment discrimination, on grounds of?race,?gender,?religion,national origin?and?age. Federal law preempts most state statutes that would bar employers from discriminating against employees to prevent them from obtainingpensions?or other benefits or retaliating against them for asserting those rights. Contents ??[hide]? 1?History 2?Contract and rights at work 2.1?Contract of employment 2.2?Scope of protection 2.3?Wages regulation 2.4?Pensions 2.5?Health and safety 2.6?Child care rights 2.7?Income tax 2.8?Civil liberties 3?Workplace participation 3.1?Trade unions 3.2?Right to organize 3.3?Collective bargaining 3.4?Collective action 4?Equality and discrimination 4.1?Civil rights 4.2?Justifications 4.3?Affirmative action 4.4?Free movement and immigration 5?Job security 5.1?Dismissal protections 5.2?Redundancies 5.3?Unemployment 6?Labor law in individual states 6.1?Laws restricting unions 6.2?California 7?Enforcement of rights 8?See also 9?Notes 10?References 11?External links History[edit] Main articles:?History of labor law in the United States?and?Labor history of the United States A man building the frame of theEmpire State Building?at the start of the?Great Depression?in 1930.[2] Indentured servant Commonwealth v. Pullis?(1806), establishing that unions were criminal conspiracies in the Philadelphia Mayors court