基础微生物学z课件23.pptVIP

* The Major Elements At an elementary level, the nutritional requirements of a bacterium such as E. coli are revealed by the cells elemental composition, which consists of C, H, O, N, S. P, K, Mg, Fe, Ca, Mn, and traces of Zn, Co, Cu, and Mo. These elements are found in the form of water, inorganic ions, small molecules, and macromolecules which serve either a structural or functional role in the cells. The general physiological functions of the elements are outlined in the Table below. * Trace Elements Table 1 ignores the occurrence of trace elements in bacterial nutrition. Trace elements are metal ions required by certain cells in such small amounts that it is difficult to detect (measure) them, and it is not necessary to add them to culture media as nutrients. Trace elements are required in such small amounts that they are present as contaminants of the water or other media components. As metal ions, the trace elements usually act as cofactors for essential enzymatic reactions in the cell. One organisms trace element may be anothers required element and vice-versa, but the usual cations that qualify as trace elements in bacterial nutrition are Mn, Co, Zn, Cu, and Mo. * 水：以游离水和结合水两种形式存在， （约占细胞总重70%～90%） 游离水：干重法可测得。 结合水：不易蒸发、不冻结、也不能渗透, 占水总量的17%—28% 。如芽孢、 孢子中. * 2. Nutrition ?a. Water Used to dissolve materials to be transported across the cytoplasmic membrane. b. Carbon Required for the construction of all organic molecules. Autotrophs use inorganic carbon (CO2) as their carbon source, while heterotrophs use organic carbon. ?Organism Carbon Source ?Energy Source ?Chemoautotrophs ?CO2 ?Inorganic Compounds ?Chemoheterotrophs ?Organic compounds ?Inorganic Compounds ?Photoautotrophs ?CO2 ?Light ?Photoheterotrophs ?Organic Compounds ?Light ?c. Nitrogen Obtained from an inorganic source e.g. Nitrogen gas (N2)Nitrate (NO3), Nitrite(NO2), and Ammonia (NH3), or from an organic source e.g. Proteins, broken down to amino acids. Many organis