基础知识187653幻灯片.pptVIP

The wave theory, initially最初开头 proposed in a primitive form基本形式 by Hooke, then advanced and refined by Huygens, accounted very well for reflection, refraction and double refraction and the latter led Huygens to the conclusion that in some way light could be polarized偏振 in different directions. Einstein concluded作出结论 from these observations that only one explanation was possible: that electromagnetic radiation could be described in the form of particles of energy which he named photons. Transistors amplify current, for example they can be used to amplify the small output current from a logic chip so that it can operate a lamp, or other high current device. In many circuits a resistor is used to convert the changing current to a changing voltage, so the transistor is being used to amplify voltage. 文体上：大多是论述性、指南性，多用陈述句、祈使句，平铺直叙，感情色彩较淡;句子结构上，力求简练严谨，因此常采用省略手法和图表表示法。为了使结构严谨常用短句 * 汉语中主要用词序来表示句中各词间的逻辑关系，而英语除用词序外，还常用介词、分词、副词等表示各词的逻辑关系。故在翻译时常需要做适当的词序变换，否则译文不流畅，甚至错误。 译文1按原序直译，意思却错了。译文2变换了词序，意思对了。因为此句中的main不是用来说明device而是说明mode。 科技英语中大量使用被动语态，而汉语则更喜欢用主动语态。译文2是按主动语态翻译的，其词序当然要做相应的变换。英语常用分词和介词短语进行修饰，它们总是位于被修饰的事物之后。译成汉语时，常需换成前置的词序。 。英语广泛使用介词、代词表示词语间的逻辑关系，而汉语最多的时借助于词序来表达逻辑关系。因此在翻译中，常需要做适当的省略以符合汉语的习惯。 科技英语 基础知识 Part One 一、科技英语的特点 二、词汇 三、虚拟语气 四、翻译的技巧 一、科技英语的特点 1.1 复杂长句多 1.2 被动语态多 1.3 非谓语动词多 1.4 词性转换多 1.5 连接词 文体上:多用陈述句、祈使句 词语上：力求短小精悍，常用复合词 文章结构：层次分明，多用连接词 用词：技术性用词 1.1 复杂长句多 对策1：依据谓语动词把复合句分解为一组简单句 举例：This electron beam sweeps across each line at a uniform rate, then flies back to scan another line directly below the previous one and so on, until the picture have been scanned in the desired sequence. 此句可先分解和简化为如下的简单句： beam sweeps each line then flies back to scan another line the picture have been scanned 译为：电子束以均匀的速率扫描每一行，然后飞速返回去扫描下一行，直到图象按所希望的顺序扫描。 1.1 复杂长句多 对策2：依据关键词简化各词组 举例：The technical possibilities could well exist, therefore, of nation-wide integrated transmission network of high capacity, controlled by computers, interconnected globally by sate