2005年能源政策法令-energyfoundationchina.pptVIP

The Energy Policy Act of 2005  2005 年能源政策法令 Susan F. Tierney, Ph.D. China Sustainable Energy Program – 8th Senior Policy Advisory Committee (PAC) Meeting Beijing, P.R. China – November 18, 2005 中国可持续能源项目 高级政策顾问委员会第八次会议 中国?北京 2005 年 11 月 18 日 Overview概要 Key factors in U.S. energy politics/policy What’s in the Energy Policy Act of 2005? What’s not in it? Does it position us for 21th Century needs? Key Factors in U.S. Energy Politics and Policy 美国能源政治和政策的要素 U.S. Energy Policy: A patchwork quilt美国能源政策：综合集成 Energy “policy” is made by countless decision makers: In Washington, in the 50 states In large and small companies By consumers Other forces (for example, the economy, OPEC, China, the weather, technology) Energy policies often reflects: Short-term conditions and politics Geopolitics of energy resources in U.S. (producer versus consumer regions) Globalization and market realities全球化与市场现实状况 U.S. energy policy reflects the realities of: 美国能源政策可以反映以下现实情况： Energy prices set in international markets 能源价格由国际市场确定 Pressure from growing demand in other countries 其他国家/地区需求不断增加产生的压力 Supplies concentrated in particular regions 供应集中在某些地区 Energy impacts cross national boundaries 能源影响超出国界范围 World Oil Consumption and Production*, 2002, 2010, and 2025 2002 年、2010 年和 2025 年全球石油消耗量和产量* Imported Crude Oil Prices: Nominal, Real进口原油价格：现时价格与不变价格 Rising Natural Gas Demand (for Power); Gas Prices Roaring Upward天然气需求不断增加（用于发电）；天然气价格激增 Growing coal use expected worldwide全球煤炭使用量增长情况预测 CO2 Emissions by Country: Total emissions since 1950 世界各国二氧化碳排放量：1950 年至今的总排放量 Supply – demand balance:供需平衡： Oil: Huge demand pressure (e.g., U.S., China, India) Incremental production and reserves: OPEC Refining: extremely tight capacity in U.S. Gas: N. American demand pressure (to produce power) Declining N. American production Improving economics of LNG Coal: Largest domestic fuel resource Rising demand, rising costs