C4FresnelandFraunhoferdiffraction.pptVIP

CHAPTER 4 Fresnel and Fraunhofer Diffraction Review of physical optics_1 First Rayleigh-sommerfeld diffraction in rectangular coordinates Review of physical optics_2 Fresnel diffraction Review of physical optics_3 Convolution form of Fresnel diffraction Review of physical optics_4 Positive vs. Negative Phases Time dependence is of the form exp(-j2??t) If we move in space in such a way as to intercept portions of a wavefield that were emitted later in time, the phasor will have advanced in the clockwise direction, and therefore the phase must become more negative Phase sign of spherical wave Divergent spherical wave Convergent spherical wave Phase sign of plane wave Positive angle Negative angle Transfer function of Fresnel diffraction Comparison of strict diffraction and Fresnel diffraction Recall transfer function of propagation through free space Fresnel Diffraction Between Confocal Spherical Surfaces Confocal spherical surfaces Two spheres are said to be confocal if the center of each lies on the surface of the other Paraxial approximation Expression of Fresnel diffraction about planes Fourier transform form Aside from constant multipliers and scale factors, the field observed on the right-hand spherical cap is the Fourier transform of the field on the left-hand spherical cap. Kirchhoff rather than Rayleigh-Sommerfeld analysis remains valid for diffraction between two spherical caps. Review of physical optics_5 Fraunhofer diffraction Fraunhofer diffraction~ Fourier transform Aside from multiplicative phase factors preceding the integral, Fraunhofer diffraction is simply the Fourier transform of the aperture distribution Examples of Fraunhofer diffraction_1 Rectangular Aperture Fraunhofer diffraction of rectangle aperture Plot of Fraunhofer diffraction_1 Plot of Fraunhofer diffraction_2 Examples of Fraunhofer diffraction_2 Circular Aperture q is a radius coordinate in the plane of the aperture with radius w Fraunhofer diffraction of circular aperture where A=π