2009年9月听力上海高级口译笔试真题答案与听力原文..docVIP

2009年9月上海高级口译笔试真题答案与听力原文 2009年9月上海高级口译笔试听力原文 Spot Dictation 　　For more than two centuries, Americans colleges and universities have been the backbone of the countrys progress. They have educated their technical, managerial and professional work force, and provided generation after generation of national leaders. 　　Today, educators from around the country are up to find many reasons for the excellence of the American universities. 　　But four historic acts stand out as watersheds. 　　First, education for the mass. In 1862, congress enacted the Land-Grand College Act, which essentially extended the opportunity of higher education to all Americans, including women and minorities. 　　Each state was permitted to sell large tracts of federal land, and use the proceeds to endow at least one public college. 　Second, competition breeds success. Over the years, the decentralization and diversity of the Americas colleges and universities have promoted competition for students and resources. 　 Competitive pressure first arose during the Civil War, when President Lincoln created the National Academy of Science, to advice congress on any subject of science and art. 　　The academys impact really grew after World War 2, when a landmark report commissioned by the then president, argue that it was the Federal governments responsibility to provide adequate funds for basic research. 　　Instead of been centralized in governments laboratories, scientific researches became decentralized in the American universities, and generated increasing investment. 　　It also gave graduate students research opportunities, and help spread scientific discoveries far and wide, to the benefit of industry, medicine, and society as a whole. 　　Thirdly, investing in the future. The end of World War 2, saw the passage of Servicemens Readjustment Act of 1944. 　　The law, which provided for college or vocational education for returning veterans, made the higher education system accessible in ways that were inconcei