Research Strategies （辩论赛前准备的）研究策略.docVIP

Research Strategies （辩论赛前准备的）研究策略 原著：CDEN美方专家 Kathleen Spring 翻译：曾庆熹 In order to argue effectively, debaters must make use of evidence to support their case and to refute their opponents’ cases. Being adequately prepared for a debate means that debaters will need to conduct research in advance. Since debaters will not always know the topic they will be arguing prior to a debate round, it is important to be prepared to speak on a number of different subjects. The following basic guidelines should provide a good starting point for most debaters: 为 了能有效地展开辩论，辩手必须充分运用证据去支撑他们的立论，以及反驳对方的立论。要为一场辩论做好充分准备，意味着辩手们必须首先做好资料挖掘工作。鉴 于辩手们不总是能在每一轮比赛中都遇到自己很熟悉的话题领域，事先准备好很多不同的领域的发言内容就显得尤其重要。就此，以下这些基本纲要将为大多数辩手 提供一个良好的开端。 Read widely, and not just in your area of study. While it is useful to have an area of expertise upon which you can draw in debate rounds, it is more useful to have at least passing familiarity with a significant number of current issues. 广泛阅读，且不局限于你的专业领域。当然，能把你的专业知识领域巧妙地运用（甚至是生拉硬拽）到某些场次的辩论中，不失为一种有效的办法。但同时，能对相当数量的当下时事话题拥有最起码的认知是更有用的。 Read and become familiar with a variety of information sources. Newspapers, magazines, academic journals, blogs, websites and encyclopedias – all these (and other) information sources have their own strengths and weaknesses. Some information sources will be better for supporting particular arguments than other information sources; it all depends on the point you are trying to make. Knowing the types of information you are likely to find in various information sources will make it easier for you to research effectively. 阅读并熟悉广泛的信息来源。报纸、杂志、学术期刊、博客、网站和百科全书——这些（以及其他）信息来源都有他们各自的长处和缺点。在支持某些特定的论点 上，一些信息源比其他的好。这取决于你想要支撑的论点是什么。搞清楚不同信息源所提供的信息的类型特点，将有助于提高你获取信息的效率。 Read information sources that discuss the same topic from contrasting viewpoints. Knowing both sides of an issue means that you will be better prepared to argue either side. 阅读那些就同一问题提供多角度观点对比的信息来源。掌握一个问题的正反两面，意味着你能更好地从正反双方立场展开辩论。 Do some background research on i