BP双语教学——Whip Speeches双语版.pptx

China Debate Education Network: Summarizing Arguments in Whip Speeches党鞭陈词中的论点总结翻译：曾庆熹Whip Speeches党鞭陈词Most Important Message最重要的信息Whip Speakers’ Job Description党鞭角色概述Whip Speech Strategies党鞭陈词策略How to make a good summary如何做好总结Whip Speakers should do党鞭陈词：应该做的 Government Whip Speech 正方党鞭陈词Opposition Whip Speech反方党鞭陈词Direct refutation towards MO extension直接反驳反三的扩展Summary总结（直接做比较，包括间接反驳整个正方） (Direct comparison; includes indirect refutation towards whole government bench)Summary (Direct comparison）总结（直接做比较）Why OW should not refute GW directly?1. A Whip speech should be a reframing job , to regroup all the advantageous arguments to self. 2. An experienced whip will try to reframe the whole debate by leading the argumentation process into a familiar and favorable territory to self.3. If OW just makes direct refutation point by point towards GW, it’s very likely for him to fall into a trap because he is just fighting in an unfamiliar territory.4. But OW refutation is a necessary part. Since it cannot be made directly, an indirect way is a smart option.为什么反四不宜直接反驳正四?党鞭陈词应当是按照“于己有利”的原则进行的论点重新梳理。一个有经验的党鞭会这样去梳理整场辩论：将论证进程引导到己方熟悉和有利的领域中（意即，要在我方的战场上总结全场，切忌被对方的立论体系带走了）。如果反四只是逐点反驳正四，那么很有可能他就落入了陷阱，因为他正一个不熟悉的领域*内战斗.但反驳对于反四又很重要，鉴于不宜直接反驳，间接反驳则更显明智。 *由于正四已经对己方立论按照于己有利的原则进行了梳理和重构，而正四又是正方最后一人，没有更多的阐释了，于是正四的立论对反四而言就是相对“不熟悉”的了。在此基础上进行直接反驳的话，容易显得被对方带走了。对于正四而言直接反驳反三的扩展则不存在这个情况。Criteria of a good whip speech好的党鞭陈词的标准Summarize in an honest and accurate fashion以诚实准确的风格总结Summarize in a manner that supports your side of the motion以有利于己方的方式总结Summarize in a manner that supports your team以有利于本队的方式总结Strategy of Whip Speech党鞭陈词策略1) Select the most important issues 选取最重要的问题2) Select the issues at your advantage 选取于己有利的问题3) Avoid repeating opponents’ remarks 避免重复对方言语 4) Analyze from a higher level/perspective 从更高层面或角度分析总结Basic level (Summary of Disagreement Analysis)入门级（分歧汇总法）Medium Level (Regrouping) 进阶级（梳理重组法）Advanced Level (Fundamental Qs) 骨灰级（追本溯源法） SummaryBasic: Summary Method入门级：分歧汇总法Pick