4.英汉语言对比技巧.ppt

4. Subject-Predicate（英语：主语-谓语型） vs Topic-Comment（汉语：话题-评论型） Compare the sentence structures of the two languages: You should have repaired the house. 那所房子你们早该修了。 It is by no means easy to learn the English language. 英语这门语言，学会它可不容易。 I don’t think it workable to build a bridge here. 这里建大桥，我看行不通。 5. Static vs Dynamic (静态与动态) the Chinese is rather “dynamic” while the English is “static”. E.g. A mastery of Chinese and English is essential for E-C or C-E translation. 做英汉/汉英翻译掌握好汉语与英语至关重要。 The British are the most voracious newspaper readers in the world. 英国人是世界上最狂热的报纸读者。 世界上，英国人最爱读报。 Up the street they went, past stores, across a broad square and then entered a huge building. 他们朝大街走去，经过许多商店，穿过一个大广场，然后进入一座大厦。 再走几步就到实验大楼了。 A few steps will bring you to the laboratory building./ Walk a few steps and you will reach the lab building. 我国科学研究发展的特点是理论联系实际。 The development of scientific research in our country is characterized by the combination/ link of theory with practice. 6. Impersonal vs Personal （物称与人称） 英语多用非人称主语impersonal subject(又叫无灵主语inanimate subject) 汉语多用人称主语personal subject （又叫有灵主语animate subject） E.g 登上甲板，我们便看见了一轮旭日。 The morning sun greeted us as we came out on deck. 他想起了母亲，才鼓足干劲继续干下去。 The thought of his mother gave him the strength to go on doing it. 黄昏到来，他仍在街上徘徊。 Dusk found him wandering in the street. Exercises” 因为天气太糟，我们未能成行。 a. *Because of the poor weather, we did not go. b. Bad weather prevented us from going. 一个小学女生失踪了，教师们非常担忧。 a. *A schoolgirl disappeared, and all the teachers were very much worried about her. b. The disappearance of a schoolgirl worried all the teachers. 他通晓多种不常用的外国语，这使我们感到惊讶。 a. *He is familiar with many rarely used languages; we feel surprised about the fact. b. His familiarity with many rarely used languages surprised us all. 7. Passive Active （被动与主动） Passives of various forms are frequently used in English. By contrast, active forms are often used in Chinese. 必须找到新的能源。 New sources of energy must be found. 这个问题正在研究。 The p