Chapter 11Adverbials副词讲述.pptVIP

Technical terms: integrated adverbial 结合性状语 peripheral adverbial 分离性状语 adjunct 修饰性状语 disjunct 评注性状语 conjunct 连接性状语 style-disjunct 方式评注性状语 content-disjunct 内容评注性状语 11.0 Introduction 状语adverbial一般是用来修饰动词的。 eg: Sherry speaks fluently. 雪莉说话很流利。 本章状语分为两类：（P241表格） 1.integrated adverbial : adjuncts 修饰性状语 eg: John drove slowly. (slowly修饰动作drove) 2.peripheral adverbial: disjuncts评注性状语 and conjuncts 连接性状语 eg: Fortunately, he came back in time.(评论整句话) eg:However, it was a good meeting.(连接上下文) 11.1 Adjuncts 修饰性状语 Time adjuncts 时间状语 Place adjuncts 地点状语 Process adjuncts 过程状语 Contingency adjuncts 因果状语 11.1.1 Time adjuncts 时间状语 a. Types of time adjuncts分类 (1)when-adjunct 时间点状语 eg:Were going to the theatre tomorrow. (2)duration-adjunct 时间段状语 eg: They have lived here for twenty years. (3)frequency-adjunct 频度状语 eg:She sees her doctor twice a month. 1.when-adjunct 表示事件或状态发生的时间，用when提问。 eg:——When are you going to the theatre? 2.Duration-adjunct表示事件或状态持续的时间，用how long...提问，回答用for+时间段。 eg:—— How long have you lived here? 3.Frequency-adjunct表示事件或状态发生的频率，用how often...或how many times...提问。 eg:—— How often does she see her doctor? 11.1.2 Place adjunct 地点状语 a. Types of place adjuncts 分类 地点状语可以表示：position位置；direction方向； distance距离；source来源；goal目的......(P245) eg: outside the village. (位置) down the hill. (方向) They ran a long way. （距离） from the school. (来源) to the school bus.(目的) 11.1.3 Process adjuncts 过程状语 过程状语表示事件是怎样发生或完成的，特指事件的过程。 三类过程状语： (1) manner-adjuncts 方式状语 eg: He came to visit me in person.他亲自来看我。 (2) instrument-adjuncts 工具状语 eg: I used to go to work by bus. (3) agentive-adjuncts 执行者状语 eg: The window was broken by him. 11.1.4 Contingency adjuncts 因果状语 因果状语表示事情的因果关系，可分为： (1) reason-adjuncts 原因状语 (2) result-adjuncts 结果状语 (3) purpose-adjuncts 目的状语 (4) concession-adjuncts 让步状语 (5) condition-adjuncts 条件状语 a. Reason-adjuncts 原因状语 1.提问通常用why,回答常用because, because of... eg: He did it because they ask