武大分子生物学课件CHAPTER9(免费阅读).pptVIP

Welcome Each of You to My Molecular Biology Class CHAPTER 9: The mutability and repair of DNA Different changes of DNA-behavior re-address (行为矫正） Chapter 8: Mutation (突变) is bad (death and unhealthy), which needs to be repaired Chapter 9: Recombination (重组) is good (diversity in a species-beautiful), which is promoted Chapter 10: Transposition (转座) is not bad, because it is not repaired. (benefit?) The consequence of high rates of mutation Mutation in germ line (生殖细胞) would destroy the species Mutation in soma (体细胞) would destroy the individual. Be fair (公正) and serious (严肃) to science The points that I absolutely do not agree with Waston et al. Mutation is not good, it could not be responsible for biodiversity. Transposition is different from mutation because (1) producing mechanism is different; (2) no mechanism to correct it; (2) existing in nature in a well-controlled manner (10-5). (物种起源) Two important sources for mutation (unavoidable) Inaccuracy in DNA replication (10-7 is not accurate enough) Errors (错误) Chemical damage to the genetic material (environment) Lesions (损害,伤害arose from spontaneous damage) Damage (损害,伤害 caused by chemical agents and radiation To repair an error or damage First, Detect the errors Second, Mend/repair the errors or lesions in a way to restore the original DNA sequence. Questions to be addressed How is the DNA mended rapidly enough to prevent errors from becoming set in the genetic material as mutation How does the cell distinguish the parental strand from the daughter strand in repairing replication errors How does the cell restore the proper DNA sequence when the original sequence can no longer be read? How does the cell deal with lesions that block replication? MutS scans the DNA, recognizing the mismatch from the distortion they cause in the DNA backbone MutS embraces the mismatch-containing DNA, inducing a pronounced kink in the DNA and a conformational change in MutS itself MutS-mismatch-containing DNA complex re