2009年传染病流行病学课件.ppt

第十二章 传染病流行病学 Epidemiology of Infectious Disease Communicable Disease Infectious Disease 教学内容 History and Status quo of infectious disease History Retrospection The plague, which took place in Europe in 14 century, caused death of 20 million people , accounting for 1/4 total population of Europe. The smallpox, which took place in Europe of 17~18 century , resulted in death of 150 million people. History Retrospection The outbreak of “Spanish flu” in 1918 caused death of 40 million people all over the world. History Retrospection In 1674, Mr. Leeuwenhoek observed microorganisms by homemade microscope. It was the first time that human set eyes on microorganisms. History Retrospection In 1796, Edward Jenner, An English country doctor, inoculated cowpox vaccinia for a 8 years old boy, cowpox vaccinia was invented since that and human are immune from smallpox. History Retrospection In 1882, Koch, a German bacteriologist discovered tubercle bacillus. Pasteur and Koch established the base of microbiology together. History Retrospection In 1928, Fleming, a doctor from Scotland, discovered penicillin, since then a new age------antibiotics age was initiated. Human has gained proud achievements in controlling and  preventing infectious diseases.  History Retrospection WHO declared that smallpox had been eliminated all over the world since 28, May ,1980. Smallpox is the first infectious disease exterminated by human through vaccination. In 1988, WHO brought forward to eliminate poliomyelitis on 31-12-2000 （postponed to 2005）. 城市、农村居民主要疾病死因构成 Status quo WHO Report, 1995： 52 million people died in the world， 32.7% of which，about 17 million people died of infectious diseases。 Global Causes of Death，2005 Status quo In developing countries，about half of the dead persons are due to infectious diseases. ※Each hour，about 1500 people die of infectious diseases，most of cases occur in developing countries. Status