杀菌剂毒理学(复习-11-18)课件.pptVIP

Fungicide Toxicology 杀菌剂（fungicide）： 杀真菌剂（fungicide） 抑真菌剂 (fungistat) 杀细菌剂（bactericide） 杀病毒剂 （viricides） * 杀菌剂的发展 1、第一代杀菌剂（inorganic chemicals）; 2、第二代杀菌剂（organic chemicals） 传统保护剂(conventional protectants) 植物药害(phytotoxicity) ； 3、第三代杀菌剂：内吸性杀菌剂（systemic fungicide ） 4、第四代杀菌剂：三环唑等较早使用的无杀菌毒性化合物。 * Classification according to action 保护型杀菌剂 protective fungicide 铲除性杀菌剂 eradication fungicide 治疗性杀菌剂 curative fungicide 内吸性杀菌剂 systemic fungicide * Fungicide Toxicology 杀菌作用(fungitoxicity) 抑菌作用(fungistasis) 内吸性杀菌剂(systemic fungicides, systemics) 抗产孢剂(antisporulants) * 内吸性杀菌剂（systemic fungicide ） 选择性(selectivity) (1) 靶标位点(target site)和作用位点(site of action) (2)靶标受体(receptor)对药剂的亲合力(affinity)的差异 (3)药剂对原生质膜渗透性(permeability)的差异 (4)对杀菌剂的积累(或排出)、解毒(detoxify)作用的差异等 * Mechanisms of Fungicide Action Biosynthesis: Sterol, Nucleic acid, protein, mitosis and cell division, lipid, glucan(葡聚糖), cell wall Respiration: Electron transport, oxidative phosphorylation Growth regulator: cell wall biosynthesis-inhibiting oomyceticides Structure * 1: Nucleic acids synthesis (1) RNA polymerase I PhenylAmides苯酰胺类: Metalaxyl甲霜灵 * 2: Mitosis and cell division (1)β-tubulin assembly in mitosis Benzimidazole: Carbendazim多菌灵 Diethofencarb乙霉威 Negative cross resistance to Diethofencarb乙霉威 * ３Respiration (1) Complex I NADH Oxidoreductase: Pyrimidinamine (2) Complex II: succinate-dehydrogenase琥珀酸脱氢酶 SDHI(Succianate dehydrogenase inhibitor) Boscalid:啶酰菌胺 * ３Respiration (3) Complex III: cytochrome bc1 (ubiquinol 辅酶oxidase at Qo site (cyt b)) Qol (Quinone outside Inhibitors) Azoxystrobin,嘧菌酯 kresoxim-methyl,醚菌酯 * 4 amino acids and protein synthesis (1)methionine biosynthesis Pyrimethanil 嘧霉胺 (2) protein synthesis Antibiotic: kasugamycin春雷霉素，streptomycin链霉素，oxytetracycline土霉素 *