材料科学与技术chapter 6.pptVIP

Figure 15.26 Structure of a phenolic. In (a) two phenol rings are joined by a condensation reaction through a formaldehyde molecule. Eventually, a linear chain forms. In (b), excess formaldehyde serves as the cross-linking agent, producing a network, thermosetting polymer. 5.10 Adhesives Chemically Reactive Adhesives Evaporation or Diffusion Adhesives Hot-Melt Adhesives Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives Conductive Adhesives 5.11 Additives for Plastics Fillers(填料) Pigments (颜料) Stabilizers (稳定剂) Antistatic Agents(抗静电剂) Flame Retardants (耐燃剂) Plasticizers (可塑剂) Reinforcements (增强剂) Catalysts( 催化剂) 5.12 Polymer Processing and Recycling Forming Processes for Thermoplastics: Extrusion（挤出） Blow Molding(吹膜) Injection Molding(注射成型) Thermoforming(热塑成型) Forming Processes for Thermosetting polymers: Calendaring() Spinning（纺纱） Compression Molding(模压成型) Transfer Molding(转移成型 ) 5.12 Polymer Processing and Recycling Schematic of an extruder(挤出机) used for polymer processing One technique for the production of polymer films The film is extruded in the form of a bag, which is separated by air pressure until the polymer cools. Typical forming processes for thermoplastic extrusion blow molding injection molding thermoforming calendaring spinning Typical forming processes for thermosetting polymers compression molding transfer molding Insulation Boards for Houses You want to design a material that can be used for making insulation boards that are approximately 4 ft wide and 8 ft tall. The material must provide good thermal insulation. What material would you choose? Insulation Boards for Houses SOLUTION: Glasses tend to be good insulators of heat. However, they will be heavy, more expensive, and prone to fracture. Polymers are lightweight, can be produced inexpensively, and they can be good thermal insulators. We can use foamed polystyrene since the air contained in the pores adds significantly to their effectiveness as thermal insulators. Finally, from a safety viewpoint, we