计算机网络与互联网(英语)chap10.ppt

Chapter 10 LAN Wiring, Physical Topology,And Interface Hardware Content Describes: the hardware wiring schemes in more detail network interface card major hardware component used in various wiring schemes the difference between logical topology and physical topology Speeds of LANs and Computers LAN data transmission speeds are typically fast relative to CPU speeds this creates a problem e.g., 100 MHz CPU could execute only one instruction for each bit on a 100Mhz Ethernet but several instructions are required for each bit CPU cant process data at network speed The difference between the speed of the CPU and the speed of the network is a continuous and fundamental problem in networking Network Interface Card (NIC) Computer systems use special purpose hardware for network connection CPU does not deal with the transmission Use a Network adapter card also known as network interface card (NIC) Connector at back of computer then accepts cable to physical network The NIC functions like an I/O devices:it is built for a specific network technology, and handles the details of frame transmission or reception without requiring the CPU to process each bit Illustration of NIC Architecture of NICs Functions of NIC To receive a packet, the CPU allocates buffer space in memory and then instructs the NIC to read the next incoming packet into the buffer. The NIC waits for a frame to cross the network, makes a copy of the frame, verifies the frame checksum , and checks the destination address. If the destination address matches the computer’s address, the broadcast address, or a specific multicast address, the NIC stores a copy of the frame in memory and interrupts the CPU. Otherwise, the NIC discards the frame and waits for another one. Thus, the NIC interrupts the CPU when a frame arrives that the computer must handle. How the NIC uses MAC addresses Source device: Framing Sending data Other device(in shared environment): See the frames Examine every frame to determine whethe