初三英语Unit 5 Learning about China. Review湘教版（修订版）知识精讲.docVIP

初三英语Unit 5: Learning about China. Review湘教版（修订版） 【本讲教育信息】 一. 教学内容： Unit 5: Learning about China. Review 二. 重点、难点： 概念：在含有主句和从句的复合句中，修饰主句中的某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。它所修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句就跟在先行词的后面。用来引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词（who, whom, that, which, whose）和关系副词（where, when, why） e.g. Did you see the person who/that stole it? This is the pen which/that he is looking for. 上面两例中的先行词分别是the person与the pen，后面是由关系代词who/that; which/that引导的定语从句。 2. 关系代词的选择及功能。 引导定语从句的词有关系代词who, that, which, whom, whose和关系副词where, when, why。它们放在先行词和定语从句之间起联系作用，同时又充当定语从句中的一个成分（如主语或宾语）。有关先行词的选择取决于两点：先行词是人还是物；关系代词在从句中做主语还是宾语。具体用法如下： 1）当先行词是人时，关系代词可以用who或that；当先行词是物时，关系代词可用which或that。 e.g. The film which/that they saw was very interesting. The boy who/that is sitting in the sun is my brother. 2）当关系代词在句中做宾语时，关系代词可以省略。 e.g. The man （who, whom, that）they are waiting for comes from Japan. 3）whose 指人或物的所有格。 e.g. Do you know the boy whose hair is yellow? The classroom whose windows are closed is ours. 4） when, where, why = 介词+ which when 表时间，跟在hour, moment, day, month, year, season, time等之后。 e.g. Can you tell me the date when/on which you were born? where 表地点，跟在place, village ,town, city, home等之后。 e.g. This is the place where/in which I grew up. why表原因, 在 reason（原因）之后。 That’s the reason why she didn’t come to work. 3. 特殊情况 1）当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时，关系代词必须用that。 e.g. This is the best novel （that ） I have ever read. 2）如果指物的先行词是不定代词或被不定代词修饰时，必须用that，不能用which。 不定代词有all, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one, much, little, every, any, some等。 e.g. I mean the one （that）you talked about just now. 3）当先行词有the only, the very, the last, the same, the first等词修饰时，关系代词必须用that。 e.g. He is the only person（ that ）I saw there. 4）关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，如果介词放在它的前面，只能用which或whom。 e.g. This is the room that/which he lived in two years ago. =This is the room in which he lived two years ago. The girl who/whom/that he is talking to is my sister. =The girl to whom he is talking is my sister. 但有些介词短语的固定词组不能拆开 e.g. The babies who /t