动词词义辨析.docVIP

动词词义辨析 第一组： spend/ take /cost①spend的主语通常是“人”，即“某人在─花多少时间或金钱。”例句：1）The boy spends a lot of money.(in) playing computer games.（那个男孩花了很多钱玩电子游戏。）2)She spent lots of money on books last year.（去年她花费很多钱在书本上。）②take前常以it作形式主语，作“做某事需要花多少时间。”It takes ＋(人)＋时间＋ to do sth.1)How long does it take you to finish the work?（你需要多少时间才能完成那工作？）2)It took me an hour to repair my bike.（我花了一个小时修理自行车。）3)It takes a lot of courage to tell the truth.（说真话需要很大的勇气。）③cost的主语通常是事物，即指 ①某物值多少钱②需要多少时间③某人花了多少钱④使（某人）（丧失）（事/物）＋cost＋（人）＋时间/金钱 1)The watch cost me two hundred yuan.（这块手表花了我200块钱。）2)Writing a novel cost plenty of time.（写本小说要花很多时间。）3)The girls bad behavior cost her parents many sleepless nights.（那个女孩的不良行为使得她的父母许多夜晚睡不着。）注意：cost的过去式，过去分词都是cost。第二组：speak/say/tell/talk①speak说某种语言，说某人好、坏话是及物动词；发表讲话，对某人说话，是不及物动词。1)The students speak English very fluently.（这些学生英语说得非常流利。）2)The Prime Minister spoke on the international situation.（首相就国际形势发表了演说。）3)She always speaks ill of others.（她总是说别人的坏话。） ②speak的习惯用语：Generally speaking 一般而言Frankly speaking 坦白地说Strictly speaking 严格地说not to speak of 且不说；更不用说1)Generally speaking, man is stronger than woman.（一般而言，男人比女人强壮。）2)We can speak English, not to speak of Chinese.（我们会读英语，汉语更不用说了。）④say说出某句话或某件事；后接从句，（但say与从句之间不能直接接人称代词或名词）；说明时间；书信、布告报纸上的“说”，习惯用法1)She said ,“I love you.”（她说：“我爱你。”）2)Say goodbye to them.（跟他们说再见。）3)She says she is busy.（她说她很忙。） 4)My watch says 10:00 sharp.（我的表是十点整。）5)The paper says that there was a big fire in Shanghai.（报上说上海发生了一场大火）。6)It is said that she has been away for a month.（据说她已走了一个月了）7)It goes without saying that education is important.（不用说，教育是重要的。）8)Tom is a good student, that is to say, he gets good grades in school.（Tom是个好学生，也就是说，他在学校的成绩很好。）③ ①tell说谎；讲故事；说实话1)Dont tell a lie.（不要说谎。）2)She likes to tell stories.（她喜欢讲故事。）3)We should always tell the truth.（我们应该永远说实话。） ③ ②tell辨别；叫某人做某事；接“间接”与“直接”宾语；tell＋宾语＋that从句1)Sometimes we cant tell right from wrong.（有时我们无法辨别是非。）（他告诉我他要去那儿。）④talk