Cell Growth and Division mrvigs122细胞生长和分裂mrvigs122.ppt

Cell Growth and Division Chapter 10 Notes What is the difference between an elephant and you? There are many differences, but an obvious one is size – an elephant is a much larger animal than you But… The elephant is a living thing, so it is made of cells… So why is the elephant larger? Does it have larger cells? No, an elephant’s cells are basically the same size as yours Larger organisms don’t have larger cells, they have MORE cells Limits to Cell Growth Growth and Development is one of the 5 characteristics of living organisms Cells do grow, but their growth is limited by several factors Limits to Cell Growth 1st Factor – DNA “overload” - As cells grow in size, they do not make extra copies of DNA and eventually there is not enough DNA to support the cell’s contents Limits to Cell Growth 2nd Factor- Surface Area to Volume Ratio: As the surface area of a cell increases, the volume of the cell increases at a faster rate This means that the cell would now require many more resources, and have a harder time supplying all it’s parts (organelles) Limits to Cell Growth Surface area to Volume ratio example The small house requires less resources and is easier to maintain. The mansion requires more resources and is more difficult to maintain Limits to Cell Growth 3rd Factor- Diffusion of Materials: Diffusion of nutrients and wastes constantly occurs between cells and blood vessels, but only over small distances If cells grow too large, nutrients can not diffuse well because the distance has increased How do cells solve these problems? Cell Division- Because of the 3 factors, a cell will divide before it becomes too large into two daughter cells Cell division solves the problems of DNA overload, surface area to volume ratio, and diffusion of nutrients Why do cells divide? To maintain their small size In single-celled organisms, cell division is how the organisms reproduce (Ex. Bacteria) In multicellular organisms, cell division is necessary for grow