Ch 8Rock Record usd305CH 8rock记录usd305.ppt

Ch 8-Rock Record Objectives Principle of uniformitarianism Law of superposition and how it is used to determine relative age of rock Compare types of unconiformities Apply law of crosscutting relationships to determine relative age of rocks Summarize limitation of using rates of erosion and deposition for determining absolute age Describe formation of varves Radioactive decay How entire organisms can be preserved as fossils Examples of fossilized traces of organisms Describe how index fossils can be used to determine age of rocks Sec 1-Determining Relative Age Uniformitarianism-principle that geologic processes that occurred in past can be explained by current geologic processes One of basic foundations of the science of geology James Hutton Welcome to Discovery Education Player Relative Age Age of an object in relation to ages of other objects Strata-layers of rock that shows sequence of events that took place in the past Law of Superposition Sedimentary rock layer is older than the layers above it and younger than layers below, if layers are not disturbed Beds-sedimentary rock layers Bedding plane-boundary between 2 beds Principle of Original Horizontality Sedimentary rocks left undisturbed remain in horizontal layers Graded bedding, cross beds, ripple marks Welcome to Discovery Education Player Unconformities Breakage in geologic record created when rock layers are eroded or when sediment is not deposited for long period of time Types Nonconformity=stratified rock rests upon unstratified rock Angular=boundary between set of tilted layers and set of horizontal layers Disconformity=boundary between horizontal layers of old sedimentary rock and younger, overlying layers deposited on eroded surface Law of Crosscutting Faults and intrusions make it difficult to determine rocks age Fault=break or crack in Earth’s crust along which rocks shift their position Intrusion=mass of igneous rock that forms when magma is injected into rock and cools then solidifies Law of cr