黄酮--幻灯片.pptVIP

5 . Flavonoids 5.1 Introduction The flavonoids are derived from a C6-C3(phenylpropane)unit which has as its source shikimic acid (via phenylalanine) and a C6 unit that is derived form the polyketide pathway.This polyketide fragment is generated by three moleculas of malonyl-CoA,which combine with the C6-C3unit (as a CoA thioester) to form a triketide starter uint. Flavonoids are therefore of mixed biosynthesis, consisting of units derived from both shikimic acid and polyketide pathways. 5.2 classification 5.3 Distribution Flavonoids are present in all vascular plants but some classes are more widely distributed than others; while flavones and flavonols are universal, isoflavones are found in only a few plant families. Biflavones are characteristic constituents in gymnospermous(裸子植物). Flavonoids are present in plants as mixtures and it is very rare to find only a single flavonoid component in a plant tissue. 5.4 physiological effects contributing to many colours found in nature affecting the taste of food, 1) description crystals, a few glycosides are amorphous powders. 2) color aglycones with C2-C3 double bond ( cross- conjugated system): yellow the bigger number of ph-OH , the deeper color aglycones with C2-C3 saturated bond : colourless (1) aglycone: due to saturation between C2 and C3, flavanones,flavanonols,flavan-3,4-diols, own chiral carbons, they are optical chemicals. (2) glycosides : hydrophilic dissolve in H2O MeOH, EtOH, EtOAc basic aqueous not dissolve in Et2O, CHCl3, acidity depends on cross-conjugated system the number of ph-OH the position of ph-OH 7,4`- di-OH 7 or 4`-OH others 3 or 5-OH 5%NaHCO3 5%Na2CO3 1%NaOH 5%NaOH (2) basicity long pair electrons