Analysis of Streptomycin.docxVIP

MAREKERA FREEDOM STENYG12M5762Pharmaceutical Chemistry Assignment II: Analysis of Streptomycin1.)Adapted from: Goodman Gilman’s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 12e.p 808The streptomycin molecule contains a number of functional groups which may serve as bases for chemical assay. Furthermore, the molecule has a free or potentially free carbonyl group and marked reducing properties. Any of these groups can be used as a basis for assay purposes on highly purified material, but these reactions are not sufficiently specific for samples of lower potency or biological fluids. [1]Streptomycin and its impurities, like most aminoglycosides and carbohydrates, lack a good chromophore and therefore require high concentrations to be detected by UV absorbance. Many ingredients of manufacturing process intermediates and final pharmaceutical formulations are chromophoric and can interfere with the direct detection of streptomycin A and its impurities by absorbance. Refractive index detection has similar limitations hence this will not form a good method for an assay.[2]Aminoglycosides, due to their extremely polar, hydrophilic character shown by abundance of hydroxyl and amine groups on the molecule, are analyzed mostlyby chromatography on silica gel, but C-18 plates can also be used. Polar organic solvents (methanol, acetone, chloroform) mixed with 25% aqueous ammonia are the most popular mobile phases. Since the majority of aminoglycosides lack UV absorption, they must be derivatized by spraying or dipping after development with fluorescamine, vanillin, or ninhydrin solutions. They can be also detected by charring, treating with iodine vapor, or derivatization with 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (NBD-Cl) or with a mixture of diphenylboronicanhydride and salicylaldehyde.[3]. Thus high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis is suitable for the analysis of streptomycin.2.) High Performance Liquid ChromatographyIn HPLC, a liquid sample, or a solid samp