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SmallWastewaterTreatmentPlantsinSwitzerlandSmallWastewaterTreatmentPlantsinSwitzerland
Waf. Sci. Tech. Vol. 22, No. 3/4, pp. 1-8, 1990.
Printed in Great Britain. All rights reserved.
0273-1223/90 $0·00 + ·50
Copyright ? IAWPRC
SMALL WASTEWATER TREATMENT
PLANTS IN SWITZERLAND
Markus Boller* and Gieri Deplazes**
*Swiss
Federal Institute for Water Resources and Water
Control
(EA WA G), CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland
* * Environmental
Protection Office of the Canton of the Grisons,
CH-7001 Chur, Switzerland
ABSTRACT
In Switzerland,
the installation of small treatment plants in rural areas is
being
and will
be
inten s if i ed.
In
o rder to
remove the numerou s
s mall polluti o n
sites,
new guidelines have been established in which basic information
i s given on
the procedure of how to consider local circumstances of wastewater character-
istics and of how to integrate local quality requirements of the receiving
water into the design of small plants.
The statistics on small treatment
plants show a preferential application for extended aeration,
RBCs and trick-
ling filters. Due to the lack of skilled operation and maintenance,
the per-
formance of small treatment plants is not always satisfactory.
New economic,
reliable and less service-demanding methods are increasingly studied and
applied.
KEYWORDS
Small wastewater source;
small treatment plant;
water pollution;
rural areas;
receiving water;
treatment technology
INTRODUCTION
In Switzerland more than 900 wastewater treatment plants serve about 90 %
of the population. Considering the countrywide .statistics of treatment plants
(p.e.) in different size classes,
the
majority of the treatment plants are of rather small siie, the amount of
for only 2% of the total discharges. Therefore, the pollution caused by the
residual substances contained in the larger discharges has a mUch stronger
impact on the receiving waters than the numerous small and often not yet
treated wastew.ater sources in rural areas.
loads could lead to the conclusion that wa
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