经济学课程简介.docx

政治经济学(Political?Economics)课程内容：?本课程是经济类专业学生的基础理论课程，主要内容包括商品经?济的一般理论和马克思主义政治经济学的基本原理,学习本课程的意义在于：一方面了解马克思主义政治经济学作为马克思主义理论的三大组成部分之一它是经济学而不是政治学,另一方面明确马克思主义政治经济学的基本原理对社会主义建设仍然具有指导意义。本课程的重点在于商品经济的基本理论和社会资本再生产理论、难点是关于社会主义市场经济的基本内容。因此，教学中应突出重点和难点。通过学习使学生对马克思主义的认识有一个科学的态度，即一要坚持，二要发展。所谓坚持，就是要坚持马克思主义科学的、符合人类社会发展趋势的基本原理；所谓发展，就是对马克思主义理论不能搞教条主义、本本主义，而是要坚持其科学的成分，舍弃其过时的结论。Political economy?was the original term used for studying?production?and trade, and their relations with law,?custom, and government, as well as with the?distribution?of?national income?and?wealth.?Political economy?originated in?moral philosophy. It was developed in the 18th century as the study of the economies of states, or?polities, hence the termpolitical?economy.In the late 19th century, the term?economics?came to replace?political economy, coinciding with the publication of an influential textbook by?Alfred Marshall?in 1890.[1]?Earlier,?William Stanley Jevons, a proponent of mathematical methods applied to the subject, advocated?economics?for brevity and with the hope of the term becoming the recognised name of a science.[2][3]Today,?political economy, where it is not used as a synonym for economics, may refer to very different things, including?Marxian?analysis, applied?public-choice?approaches emanating from the?Chicago school?and the?Virginia school, or simply the advice given by economists to the government or public on general?economic policy?or on specific proposals.[3]?A rapidly growing mainstream literature from the 1970s has expanded beyond the model of economic policy in which planners maximize utility of a representative individual toward examining how political forces affect the choice of?economic policies, especially as to?distributional?conflicts and political institutions.[4]?It is available as an area of study in certain colleges and universities.Etymology[edit]Originally,?political economy?meant the study of the conditions under which production or consumption within limited parameters was