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Subjective Well-Being 主观幸福感 The Science of Happiness and a Proposal for a National Index 幸福的科学和对国家幸福指数的建议 Ed Diener University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign One area of positive psychology analyzes subjective well- being (SWB), 积极心理学的一个方面是分析主观幸福感 ， peoples cognitive and affective evaluations of their lives.人们对他们生活的认知和情感评价。 Progress has been made in understanding the components of SWB,在理解主观幸福感的结构方面已经取得了进展 the importance of adaptation and goals to feelings of well-being, 适应的重要性和感受幸福的目标 the temperament underpin- nings of SWB,主观幸福感的气质基础， and the cultural influences on well-being. 和幸福感的文化影响。 Representative selection of respondents,被调查者的代表性选择，naturalistic expe- rience sampling measures, 自然主义经验取样措施， and other methodological re- finements 和其他方法的改进are now used to study SWB and could be used to produce national indicators of happiness. 正在被用来研究主观幸福感并且可以作为提升国家幸福指数的理论指导。 F or millennia thinkers have pondered the question, what is the good life? They have focused on criteria such as loving others, pleasure, or self-insight as the defining characteristics of quality of life. F或几千年来的思想家思考这个问题, 美好的生活是什么?他们专注于某些标准， 比如爱他人,愉悦感，或个体内部特质作为 生活质量的定义特征。 Another idea of what constitutes a good life, however, is that it is desirable for people themselves to think that they are living good lives.然而，另外一个想法——什么构成美好的生活——被提出让人们思考他们是否过着幸福的生活。 This subjective definition of quality of life is demo- cratic in that it grants to each individual the right to decide whether his or her life is worthwhile.这种生活质量的主观定义是民主的，它授予每一个人决定他是否过着有意义生活的权力。 It is this approach to defining the good life that has come to be called subjective well-being (SWB) and in colloquial terms is sometimes labeled happiness. 这种 定义美好生活的方法,被称为“主观 幸福”(主客观),有时用口语表达为 “幸福。” SWB refers to peoples evaluations of their lives--evaluations that are both affective and cogni- tive. 主观幸福感指人们对他们生活的评价，包括认知和情感。 People experience abundant SWB when they feel many pleasant and few unpleasant emotions, when they are engaged